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Table 2 Incremental costs associated with cardiorenal comorbidities among persons with diabetesa

From: Healthcare costs associated with comorbid cardiovascular and renal conditions among persons with diabetes, 2008–2019

 

Diabetes w/o cardiorenal conditionsb

Diabetes w/ASCVD

Diabetes w/Heart failure

Diabetes w/kidney disease

Age, sex and calendar year adjusted models

Overall costs

Ref

10,330 (9376–11,285)c

11,318 (11,089–11,547)c

11,625 (10,441–12,808)d

Medical costs

Ref

7833 (7096–8571)c

9734 (8703–10,766)c

8413 (7555–9271)d

Prescription costs

Ref

2454 (2140–2769)d

3565 (3056–4074)e

3281 (2831–3731)e

Fully adjusted modelsa

Overall costs

Ref

8651 (7729–9573)c

9373 (9010–9736)c

9995 (8781–11,209)c

Medical costs

Ref

6867 (6123–7612)c

8366 (7340–9392)c

7408 (6484–8333)c

Prescription costs

Ref

1769 (1501–2037)d

2561 (2124–2999)d

2676 (2295–3058)d

  1. ASCVD, Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; HF, Heart failure
  2. aValues in 2019 US dollars. All differences were significant at 95% confidence interval. Covariates in fully adjusted models include: age (10-year intervals), insurance coverage, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, family income, region, year, and comorbid conditions (arthritis, asthma, cancer, high cholesterol, COPD, and depression)
  3. bComorbidities of interest were ASCVD, HF, and kidney disease
  4. cFor two-part regression: first part: logit; second part: generalized linear model (family = Poisson, link = log)
  5. dFor two-part regression: first part: logit; second part: generalized linear model (family = gamma, link = log)
  6. eFor two-part regression: first part: logit; second part: generalized linear model (family = inverse gaussian, link = log)
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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