Is compromised intestinal barrier integrity responsible for the poor prognosis in critically ill patients with pre-existing hyperglycemia?

Table 4 Risk factors associated with 90-day mortality in critically ill patients

Univariate analysis	OR	95% CI	P value
Demographics
Sex (male/female)	0.349	0.107–1.134	0.080
Age	1.009	0.983–1.036	0.492
HbA1c	1.035	0.760–1.409	0.826
FBG	0.977	0.866–1.102	0.707
Intestinal barrier biomarkers
DAO	1.001	0.972–1.030	0.968
D-lactate	1.030	1.002–1.060	0.038*
LPS	1.057	1.015–1.101	0.008**
Infection and immunity
WBC	1.059	0.995–1.127	0.070
NEU proportion	0.978	0.902–1.060	0.587
CRP	1.002	0.996–1.008	0.485
Procalcitonin	1.009	0.996–1.022	0.164
HLA-DR	0.977	0.951–1.004	0.090
Temperature	0.787	0.572–1.084	0.143
Respiratory and circulatory system
Oxygenation index	1.001	0.996–1.005	0.735
Respiratory rate	0.952	0.875–1.035	0.252
Heart rate	1.010	0.994–1.026	0.224
MAP	1.005	0.983–1.027	0.673
Artery blood pH	0.168	0.010–2.953	0.223
Lactate	1.147	1.026–1.283	0.016*
Dosage of NE	2.396	1.173–4.895	0.017*
Renal function
Urea nitrogen	1.092	1.019–1.169	0.012*
Creatinine	1.007	1.002–1.012	0.010*
AKI morbidity	3.045	1.104–8.394	0.031*
Liver function
ALT	1.001	1.000–1.002	0.042*
AST	1.001	1.000–1.002	0.146
Total bilirubin	1.016	0.997–1.034	0.098
Direct bilirubin	1.025	0.998–1.052	0.066
Total protein	0.962	0.922–1.004	0.078
Albumin	0.943	0.882–1.008	0.084
Prealbumin	0.992	0.984–0.999	0.027*

Multivariate analysis	OR	95% CI	P value
Multivariate 1
LPS	1.056	1.014–1.100	0.009**
Multivariate 2
LPS	1.057	1.013–1.104	0.011*
Dosage of NE	2.354	1.136–4.875	0.021*

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, FBG fasting blood glucose, DAO diamine oxidase, LPS lipopolysaccharide, WBC white blood cell, NEU neutrophil, CRP C-reactive protein, MAP mean arterial pressure, NE norepinephrine, AKI acute kidney injury, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase
^* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01

ISSN: 1758-5996