Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients at admission
From: Predictive markers for clinical outcomes in a cohort of diabetic patients hospitalized for COVID-19
Variable | Overall cohort (n = 291) |
|---|---|
Age (years) | 72 (63–79) |
Male sex | 210 (72.2%) |
Type of diabetes | |
 Type 2 | 277 (95.2%) |
 Type 1 | 7 (2.4%) |
 Secondary diabetes | 7 (2.4%) |
 Diabetes duration (years) | 16 (1–51) |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 (26.3–32.9) |
 History of tobacco use | 93 (31.9%) |
Comorbidities | |
 Hypertension | 126 (43.3%) |
 Chronic kidney disease | 122 (42.2%) |
 Coronary artery disease | 80 (27.4%) |
 Diabetic foot | 26 (8.9%) |
 Retinopathy | 52 (17.8%) |
 Neuropathy | 20 (6.9%) |
 Malignancy | 20 (6.9%) |
Laboratory data | |
 Glucose (mg/dl) | 152.5 (108–199) |
 HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 66 (58–79) |
 HbA1c (%) | 8.2 (7.5–9.4) |
 Platelets count (PLT 103/μL) | 229,500 (161,000–331,000) |
 White blood cell count (WBC 103/μL l) | 7.32 (5.53–10.22) |
 Absolute basophil count (103/μL) | 0.02 (0.43–0.84) |
 Absolute lymphocyte count (103/ μL) | 1.22 (0.75–1.68) |
 Absolute eosinophils count (103/μL) | 0.08 (0.010–0.17) |
 Absolute neutrophil count (103/μL) | 4.98 (3.41–8.11) |
 Absolute monocyte count (103/μL) | 8.4 (5.3–10.5) |
 CRP (mg/l) | 16 (4.3–56.8) |
 Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 443 (335–558) |
 D-Dimer (ng/ml) | 514 (294–1208) |
 Ferritin (μg/l) | 594 (291–1087) |
 Procalcitonin (ng/ml) | 0.20 (0.10–0.49) |
 NLR | 4.06 (2.25–8.92) |
 LDH (U/l) | 276 (223–365) |
 Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.04 (0.8–1.6) |
eGFR CDK-EPI (ml/min × 1.73 m2) | |
  ≤ 30 | 48 (16.6%) |
 30–75 | 112 (38.7%) |
  > 75 | 129 (44.6%) |
Outcomes | |
 In hospital death | 74 (25%) |
 Need of oxygen supplementation | 151 (51.9%) |
 Intensive care unit | 20 (6.9%) |
 Length of hospitalization (days) | 14 (8–23) |
Therapy during hospitalization | |
 Steoroids | 151 (57.4%) |
 Hydroxyclorochine | 149 (56.6%) |
 Antiretrovirals | 148 (56.2%) |
 Tocilizumab/kanakinumab | 17 (6.6%) |
 Antibiotics | 216 (82.4%) |
 Insulin | 142 (53.9%) |