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Table 2 The multivariable Cox regression analysis of risk factors for incidence of NAFLD during follow-up

From: Age patterns of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease incidence: heterogeneous associations with metabolic changes

Variable

ALL

P

20–34 years old

P

35–49 years old

P

50–64 years old

P

≥ 65 years old

P

HR (95%CI)

HR (95%CI)

HR (95%CI)

HR (95%CI)

HR (95%CI)

Male

–

–

–

–

1.50 (1.20–1.82)

< 0.001

–

–

1.41 (0.88–1.98)

0.54

Baseline factors

 BMI (increase 1 kg/m2)

1.08 (0.96–1.20)

0.20

–

–

1.07 (1.03–1.11)

< 0.001

1.20 (1.06–1.35)

< 0.001

–

–

 SBP (increase 1 mmHg)

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.22

1.03 (1.01–1.05)

< 0.001

 DBP (increase 1 mmHg)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 ALT (increase 1U/L)

–

–

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

0.23

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

0.21

–

–

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.25

 AST (increase 1U/L)

–

–

1.01 (0.98–1.04)

0.33

1.01 (0.98–1.04)

0.42

–

–

–

–

 GGT (increase 1U/L)

–

–

–

–

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

0.12

–

–

–

–

 LDH (increase 1U/L)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 CHOL (increase 1 mmol/L)

–

–

1.18 (0.96–1.42)

0.32

1.20 (0.94–1.50)

0.45

1.21 (0.97–1.60)

0.34

1.32 (0.96–1.72)

0.23

 TG (increase 1 mmol/L)

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.32 (0.98–1.75)

0.08

1.50 (0.80–2.35)

0.56

 HDL-c (increase 1 mmol/L)

0.90 (0.71–1.11)

0.20

–

–

–

–

0.56 (0.39–0.78)

< 0.001

–

–

 LDL-c (increase 1 mmol/L)

1.25 (1.08–1.45)

0.003

–

–

1.25 (0.85–1.70)

0.22

1.16 (0.95–1.45)

0.15

1.29 (0.88–1.85)

0.20

 FBG (increase 1 mmol/L)

1.22 (1.10–1.36)

< 0.001

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Creatinine (increase 1 μmol/L)

–

–

–

–

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.77

–

–

–

–

 BUN (increase 1 mmol/L)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Uric acid (increase 1 μmol/L)

–

–

–

–

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.12

–

–

1.04 (1.01–1.07)

< 0.001

Dynamic factors

 ΔBMI (increase 1 kg/m2)

1.66 (1.52–1.82)

< 0.001

2.08 (1.80–2.40)

< 0.001

1.55 (1.19–1.94)

< 0.001

1.45 (0.92–2.05)

0.45

–

–

 ΔSBP (increase 1 mmHg)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 ΔDBP (increase 1 mmHg)

–

–

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.34

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.13

–

–

–

–

 ΔALT (increase 1U/L)

–

–

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

0.41

1.01 (0.98–1.04)

0.35

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.10

–

–

 ΔAST (increase 1U/L)

–

–

1.01 (0.98–1.04)

0.61

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.44

1.01 (0.99–1.02)

0.12

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.23

 ΔGGT (increase 1U/L)

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.21

–

–

–

–

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.21

–

–

 ΔLDH (increase 1U/L)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 ΔCHOL (increase 1 mmol/L)

–

–

1.08 (0.96–1.22)

0.40

1.16 (0.98–1.36)

0.12

1.11 (0.87–1.30)

0.25

1.43 (0.97–2.02)

0.09

 ΔTG (increase 1 mmol/L)

1.86 (1.28–2.56)

< 0.001

–

–

–

–

1.87 (0.97–3.01)

0.10

4.76 (3.69–6.14)

< 0.001

 ΔHDL-c (increase 1 mmol/L)

0.60 (0.51–0.69)

< 0.001

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 ΔLDL-c (increase 1 mmol/L)

–

–

1.23 (0.98–1.56)

0.08

1.08 (0.98–1.20)

0.10

1.18 (0.90–1.40)

0.43

1.15 (0.97–1.38)

0.23

 ΔFBG (increase 1 mmol/L)

1.11 (1.02–1.21)

0.014

1.08 (0.96–1.22)

0.10

1.10 (0.99–1.23)

0.07

1.14 (0.98–1.31)

0.20

1.32 (1.06–1.65)

< 0.001

 ΔCreatinine (increase 1 μmol/L)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 ΔBUN (increase 1 mmol/L)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 ΔUric acid (increase 1 μmol/L)

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

< 0.001

–

–

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.32

1.02 (0.98–1.04)

0.32

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.12

  1. Following are the adjustment variables included in multivariate analysis. ALL: age, sex, BMI, HDL-c, LDL-c, FBG, ΔBMI, ΔTG, ΔHDL-c, ΔFBG, ΔUric acid; 20–34 years old: sex, ALT, AST, CHOL, ΔBMI, ΔALT, ΔAST, ΔCHOL, ΔLDL-c, ΔFBG; 35–49 years old: sex, BMI, ALT, AST, GGT, CHOL, LDL-c, Creatinine, Uric acid, ΔBMI, ΔDBP, ΔALT, ΔAST, ΔCHOL, ΔLDL-c, ΔFBG, ΔUric acid; 50–64 years old: sex, BMI, SBP, CHOL, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, ΔBMI, ΔALT, ΔAST, ΔGGT, ΔCHOL, ΔTG, ΔLDL-c, ΔFBG, ΔUric acid; ≥ 65 years old: sex, SBP, ALT, CHOL, TG, LDL-c, Uric acid, ΔAST, ΔCHOL, ΔTG, ΔLDL-c, ΔFBG, ΔUric acid
  2. Δ = change in variable i.e. follow-up minor bsaeline measurement
  3. NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, HR hazard ratio, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, GGT gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, LDH lactic dehydrogenase, CHOL total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, FBG fasting blood glucose, BUN blood urea nitrogen
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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