Table 5 Dietary intake according to tertile categories of healthy beverage index (HBI)
Variables†| HBI | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
T1(n = 69) | T2(n = 62) | T3(n = 71) | ||
Healthy beverage index | 60.98 ± 2.79 | 64.95 ± 0.79 | 69.76 ± 2.53 |  < 0.001 |
Food group | ||||
 Whole grains (g/d) | 64.51 ± 62.39 | 66.34 ± 53.67 | 61.18 ± 55.35 | 0.86 |
 Fruits (g/d) | 490.36 ± 285.04 | 486.02 ± 373.68 | 616.99 ± 364.35 | 0.04 |
 Vegetables (g/d) | 377.60 ± 267.85 | 344.07 ± 220.22 | 431.64 ± 185.45 | 0.08 |
 Nuts (g/d) | 12.02 ± 11.73 | 13.97 ± 13.41 | 16.23 ± 17.90 | 0.23 |
 Legumes (g/d) | 45.38 ± 44.90 | 49.99 ± 39.85 | 51.18 ± 40.78 | 0.69 |
 Vegetable oils | 22.18 ± 21.22 | 24.57 ± 19.34 | 22.57 ± 19.82 | 0.77 |
 Tea and coffee (ml/d) | 294.54 ± 210.42 | 569.36 ± 288.07 | 1120.22 ± 447.93 |  < 0.001 |
 Fruit juices (ml/d) | 17.56 ± 38.79 | 9.42 ± 16.97 | 8.38 ± 12.53 | 0.07 |
 Sugar-sweetened beverages(ml/d) | 27.54 ± 59.10 | 25.40 ± 58.24 | 15.48 ± 35.86 | 0.34 |
 High-fat milk (ml/d) | 53.11 ± 146.89 | 29.59 ± 60.26 | 15.43 ± 38.15 | 0.01 |
 Low-fat milk (ml/d) | 79.43 ± 119.05 | 114.78 ± 119.42 | 134.06 ± 160.100 | 0.13 |
 Water percent | 51.17 ± 33.12 | 56.97 ± 28.67 | 60.89 ± 26.02 | 0.14 |
 Refined grains (g/d) | 337.37 ± 154.95 | 333.54 ± 160.87 | 419.78 ± 256.15 | 0.01 |
 Animal fat (g/d) | 3.52 ± 6.12 | 4.44 ± 7.24 | 4.55 ± 7.81 | 0.64 |
 Dairy (ml/d) | 339.26 ± 245.19 | 400.59 ± 178.25 | 421.63 ± 238.29 | 0.08 |
 Eggs (g/d) | 21.06 ± 13.23 | 19.18 ± 13.25 | 22.18 ± 11.54 | 0.39 |
 White meat (g/d) | 52.28 ± 61.53 | 38.94 ± 24.58 | 46.01 ± 42.90 | 0.25 |
 Red meat (g/d) | 21.48 ± 16.86 | 21.26 ± 17.91 | 21.97 ± 19.79 | 0.97 |
Nutrient intake | ||||
 Energy (kcal/d) | 2426.62 ± 694.58 | 2513.79 ± 665.45 | 2803.88 ± 738.93 | 0.005 |
 Protein (g/d) | 85.41 ± 31.79 | 84.46 ± 21.15 | 94.65 ± 28.18 | 0.06 |
 Carbohydrate (g/d) | 338.06 ± 98.54 | 350.44 ± 109.83 | 411.44 ± 125.41 |  < 0.001 |
 Total fat (g/d) | 89.00 ± 33.81 | 93.72 ± 28.56 | 96.64 ± 32.63 | 0.36 |
 PUFA (g/d) | 19.42 ± 9.51 | 20.47 ± 8.21 | 20.00 ± 7.96 | 0.78 |
 SFA (mg/d) | 25.75 ± 11.33 | 27.80 ± 9.92 | 29.07 ± 10.77 | 0.18 |
 Sodium (mg/d) | 4060.59 ± 1361.02 | 4199.86 ± 1361.74 | 4377.300 ± 1395.89 | 0.39 |
 Potassium (mg/d) | 3886.73 ± 1564.17 | 4010.96 ± 1295.67 | 4910.49 ± 1534.29 |  < 0.001 |
 Calcium (mg/d) | 1053.63 ± 398.42 | 1147.62 ± 352.22 | 1272.97 ± 432.03 | 0.005 |
 Vitamin C (µmol/L) | 185.49 ± 104.54 | 183.19 ± 166.09 | 204.60 ± 112.08 | 0.56 |
 Total fiber (g/d) | 42.60 ± 17.97 | 41.91 ± 16.26 | 49.89 ± 19.81 | 0.01 |