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Table 2 Risk factors associated with endothelial damage

From: Urine transferrin as an early endothelial dysfunction marker in type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy: a case control study

 

CIMT > 0.7 mm

FMD < 11%

n (%)

OR (CI 95)

p-value

n (%)

OR (CI 95)

p-value

Age > 65

 All

6 (10%)

1.2 (0.2–5.7)

0.73

5 (8.3%)

1.7 (0.4–7.4)

0.42

 Type 2 DM

6 (20%)

0.2 (0.01–5.03)

0.38

4 (13.3%)

0.7 (0.12–3.99)

0.69

 Non-DM

0

N. A

–

1 (3.3%)

3.6 (0.19–67.6)

0.38

Sex male

 All

20 (33.3)

4.2 (1.2–13.8)

0.01

12 (20%)

1.3 (0.4–3.9)

0.53

 Type 2 DM

14 (46.6%)

1 (0.05–17.6)

1.00

10 (33.3%)

1.3 (0.3–5.91)

0.7

 Non-DM

6 (20%)

8.5 (1.4–49.5)

0.01

2 (6.6%)

0.7 (0.11–4.7)

0.7

Smoking

 All

14 (23.3%)

0.9 (0.3–2.7)

0.9

13 (21.6%)

2.4 (0.8–6.9)

0.11

 Type 2 DM

11 (36.6%)

N. A

–

10 (33.3%)

2.9 (0.59–14.72)

0.18

 Non-DM

3 (10%)

1 (0.19–5.2)

1

3 (10%)

1.7 (0.3–9.7)

0.54

Hypertension

 All

2 (3.3%)

N. A. (0-INF)

–

1 (1.6%)

1.3 (0.07–22.1)

0.84

 Type 2 DM

0

N. A

–

0

N.A

–

 Non-DM

2 (6.6%)

N. A. (0-INF)

–

1 (3.3%)

3.6 (0.19–67.6)

0.38

Dyslipidemia (F3)

 All

6 (10%)

0.69 (0.18–2.6)

0.59

3 (5%)

0.4 (0.1–1.7)

0.24

 Type 2 DM

4 (13.3%)

N. A. (0-INF)

–

2 (6.6%)

0.5 (0.06–4.4)

0.55

 Non-DM

2 (6.6%)

0.9 (0.14–5.9)

0.90

1 (3.3%)

0.4 (0.04–4.7)

0.52

Dyslipidemia (F4)

 All

2 (3.3%)

0.16 (0.03–0.88)

0.03

4 (6.6%)

1.3 (0.3–6.05)

0.68

 Type 2 DM

2 (6.6%)

0.07 (0.003–1.7)

0.1

2 (6.6%)

1.1 (0.09–14.6)

0.90

 Non-DM

0

N. A

–

2 (6.6%)

2.6 (0.3–20.5)

0.34

BMI > 25

 All

25 (41.6%)

1.3 (0.4–3.9)

0.59

18 (30%)

1.3 (0.4–4.1)

0.54

 Type 2 DM

18 (60%)

1.8 (0.1–31.9)

0.68

13 (43.3%)

1.8 (0.3–8.3)

0.44

 Non-DM

7 (23.3%)

2.1 (0.3–13.04)

0.40

5 (16.6%)

1.3 (0.2–8.4)

0.76

Time from DM

 All

28 (46.6%)

32.6 (6.3–167.2)

0.001

19 (31.6%)

5.6 (1.8–17.4)

0.01

 Type 2DM (> 5 years)

22 (73.3%)

N. A

–

14 (46.6%)

0.2 (0.02–2.7)

0.27

 Non-DM

0

N. A

–

0

N. A

–

HbA1c > 8.3%

 All

12 (20%)

5.04 (1.01–25.09)

0.04

9 (15%)

3.07 (0.8–10.6)

0.07

 Type 2 DM

12 (40%)

N. A

–

9 (30%)

1.08 (0.2–4.7)

0.90

 Non-DM

0

N. A

–

0

N. A

–

Transferrinuria

 All

16 (26.6%)

0.69 (0.24–1.98)

0.50

11 (18.3%)

0.73 (0.26–2.05)

0.55

 Type 2 DM

13 (43.3%)

0.86 (0.04–15.2)

0.92

9 (30%)

1.08 (0.24–4.7)

0.90

 Non- DM

3 (10%)

0.45 (0.08–2.3)

0.34

2 (6.6%)

0.36 (0.05–2.2)

0.28

Transferrinemia

 All

5 (8.3%)

0.74 (0.17–3.1)

0.68

2 (3.3%)

0.32 (0.06–1.6)

0.18

 T2DM

3 (10%)

N. A

–

2 (6.6%)

1.1 (0.09–14.6)

0.9

 Non-DM

2 (6.6%)

1.2 (0.17–8.2)

0.84

0

N. A

–

  1. Data is described as number and percentage as follows n (%)
  2. OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, BMI Body mass index, F3 Frederickson type 3, F4 Frederickson type 4
  3. Values highlighted in bold represent statistical significance
  4. *For the odds ratio calculated in the overall group, the values were taken from the groups as having diabetes or being non-diabetic with the values equals to 0 for the non-diabetic group. For the odds ratio calculated in the group of type 2 DM, the risk was calculated whether they had more than 5 years of being diagnosed with diabetes
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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