Table 1 Twin studies of gut microbiome
Authors | Numbers of participants | Objects | Tests | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bowyer et al. (2019) | 1163 healthy individuals (48 twin pairs discordant for Index of Multiple Deprivation) | Socioeconomic Status and the Gut Microbiome | 16S rRNA microbiota data, and all considered co-variables. | The greater the difference in twin pair Index of Multiple Deprivation, the greater the dissimilarity of their microbiota. |
Yassour et al. (2016) | 20 monozygotic healthy Korean twins | Microbial changes during the sub-clinical state of T2D | Total DNAs from fecal samples, and clinical metadata variables | Changes in composition of the sub-clinical gut microbiome suggests a role prior to the onset of T2D, and functional changes reflects a response to oxidative stress. |
Turnbaugh et al. (2009) | 154 individuals (adult female monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs concordant for leanness or obesity, and their mothers) | 16 S rRNA sequences, plus 2.14 gigabases from their microbiomes | How host genotype, environmental exposure and host adiposity influence the gut microbiome | Obesity is associated with phylum-level changes in the microbiota, reduced bacterial diversity and altered representation of bacterial genes and metabolic pathways. |