Table 1 Clinical characteristics of T2DM and control women participating to the study

n

132

55

Age (years)

59.04 ± 12.61

57.0 ± 7.45

BMI (Kg/m²)

31.74 ± 5.94

28.38 ± 4.52

Waist circumference (cm)

100.03 ± 11.61

90.73 ± 14.87

Smokers n (%)

17 (12.9)

6 (10.9)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

134.39 ± 17.35

125.46 ± 12.75

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

78.52 ± 9.09

73.15 ± 9.38

Diabetes duration (years)

7.77 ± 8.97

–

HbA1c (%)

7.44 ± 1.44

–

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

161.99 ± 50.03

96.75 ± 5.98

Insulin (mU/L)

16.38 ± 10.80

13.82 ± 10.11

HOMA-IR

6.86 ± 5.72

3.32 ± 2.46

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.89 ± 0.20

0.85 ± 0.10

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

68.27 ± 14.71

70.66 ± 10.32

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

186.74 ± 29.64

201.00 ± 28.26

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

48.19 ± 13.69

53.76 ± 12.43

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

121.99 ± 59.92

99.78 ± 52.86

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

113.41 ± 26.50

127.29 ± 28.28

LDL-C/HDL-C

2.70 ± 2.26

2.50 ± 0.84

Hypertension n (%)

87 (65.9)

18 (32.7)

CHD n (%)

36 (27.3)

0

Stroke/TIA

0

–

Carotid atherosclerosis (%)

34 (25.7)

–

Lower limb atherosclerosis (%)

24 (18.2)

–

Diabetic nephropathy n (%)

35 (26.5)

–

Diabetic retinopathy n (%)

30 (22.7)

–

Diabetic neuropathy n (%)

9 (6.8)

–

Insulin treatment n (%)

11 (8.3)

–

Oral Hypoglycaemic drugs n (%)

109 (82.6)

–