Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants
|  | Control (n = 40) | Obese (n = 56) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 41.9 ± 9.7 | 42.9 ± 9.8 | 0.79 |
Male/female | 23/17 | 15/41 | 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 2.0 | 46.1 ± 7.3 | < 0.001 |
Diabetic, n (%) | 4 (10) | 22 (39.2) | 0.025 |
Hypertensive, n (%) | 4 (10) | 21 (37.5) | 0.04 |
Apo A-I (mg/dl) | 150.0 ± 46.8 | 108.1 ± 21.5 | < 0.001 |
Male | 136.8 ± 31.3 | 111.4 ± 19.3 | 0.01 |
Female | 168.0 ± 58.4 | 105.8 ± 22.9 | < 0.001 |
Apo B (mg/dl) | 75.7 ± 25.1 | 82.4 ± 18.6 | 0.1 |
TC (mg/dl) | 163.9 ± 39.7 | 171.7 ± 50.7 | 0.37 |
HDL-C (mg/dl) | 46.4 ± 11.0 | 42.7 ± 9.8 | 0.04 |
Male | 43.6 ± 8.6 | 39.7 ± 7.2 | 0.16 |
Female | 50.3 ± 13.0 | 43.1 ± 10.4 | 0.03 |
LDL-C (mg/dl) | 102.2 ± 29.1 | 99.8 ± 24.5 | 0.84 |
TG (mg/dl) | 105.5 ± 30.0 | 141.2 ± 44.0 | < 0.001 |
VLDL-C (mg/dl) | 16.1 ± 5.8 | 25.0 ± 9.5 | < 0.001 |
Glucose (mg/dl) | 95.0 ± 12.1 | 113.9 ± 32.7 | 0.0001 |
Insulin(mIU/l) | 9.9 ± 5.3 | 21.1 ± 16.7 | < 0.001 |
NEFA (mmol/l) | 0.57 ± 0.2 | 0.78 ± 0.4 | 0.003 |
HOMA2-IR | 1.5 ± 0.77 | 3.0 ± 1.8 | < 0.001 |
Adipo-IR | 34.1 (21.8–37.3) | 81.8 (47.0–141.5) | < 0.001 |
Adiponectin (µg/ml) | 12.3 ± 4.2 | 5.6 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 |
CEC (A.U.) | 1.04 ± 0.15 | 0.92 ± 0.14 | 0.0002 |