Table 2 Mean score (range 0–4) of each item of the PAID questionnaire
From: Diabetes related distress is high in inpatients with diabetes
Item | All (n = 214) | DM1 (n = 107) | DM2 (n = 107) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Not having clear and concrete goals for your care? | 1.4 ± 1.3 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 |
2. Feeling discouraged with your diabetes treatment plan? | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 0.013 |
3. Feeling scared when you think about living with diabetes? | 1.1 ± .1.2 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.1 ± 1.2 | 0.757 |
4. Uncomfortable social situations related to your diabetes care? | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.152 |
5. Feelings of deprivation regarding food and meals? | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 0.107 |
6. Feeling depressed when you think about living with diabetes? | 0.9 ± 1.1 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.321 |
7. Not knowing if your mood or feelings are related to your diabetes? | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 0.185 |
8. Feeling overwhelmed by your diabetes? | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.309 |
9. Worrying about low blood sugar reactions? | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 0.003 |
10. Feeling angry when you think about living with diabetes? | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.806 |
11. Feeling constantly concerned about food and eating? | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 0.323 |
12. Worrying about the future and the possibility of serious complications? | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 0.951 |
13. Feeling of guilt or anxiety when you get off track with your diabetes management? | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 1.2 | 0.204 |
14. Not “accepting” your diabetes? | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0.031 |
15. Feeling dissatisfied with your diabetes physician? | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.720 |
16. Feeling that diabetes is taking up too much of your mental and physical energy every day? | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 0.045 |
17. Feeling alone with your diabetes? | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.882 |
18. Feeling that your friends and family are not supportive of your diabetes management efforts? | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.772 |
19. Coping with complications of diabetes? | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 0.054 |
20. Feeling “burned out” by the constant effort needed to manage diabetes? | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 0.102 |
Total PAID score (range 0–100) | 28.1 ± 17.5 | 28.1 ± 17.4 | 26.2 ± 16.9 | 0.532 |