| |
Total patients
|
TBR ≥ 1% group
|
TBR < 1% group
|
P value
|
|---|
|
n
|
179
|
57
|
122
| |
|
Age (years)
|
73.0 (68.0, 78.0)
|
74.0 (70.0, 79.0)
|
72.0 (68.0, 78.0)
|
0.0833
|
|
Females (%)
|
71 (39.7)
|
23 (40.4)
|
48 (39.3)
|
1.0000
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
24.2 (22.0, 26.8)
|
23.6 (21.2, 25.1)
|
24.5 (22.1, 27.1)
|
0.0534
|
|
Diabetes duration (years)
|
16.0 (10.0, 24.0)
|
19.0 (12.5, 25.0)
|
15.0 (9.0, 24.0)
|
0.2620
|
|
Diabetic retinopathy
|
63 (35.4)
|
22 (38.6)
|
41 (33.9)
|
0.6148
|
|
Diabetic neuropathy
|
79 (49.4)
|
28 (51.9)
|
51 (48.1)
|
0.7386
|
|
Diabetic nephropathy
|
93 (52.0)
|
29 (50.9)
|
64 (52.7)
|
0.8735
|
|
Hypertension
|
134 (75.3)
|
43 (76.8)
|
91 (74.6)
|
0.8524
|
|
Dyslipidemia
|
124 (69.7)
|
41 (73.2)
|
83 (68.0)
|
0.5988
|
|
Hyperuricemia
|
32 (18.0)
|
10 (17.9)
|
22 (18.0)
|
1.0000
|
|
Diabetes treatment
|
|
Any insulin (%)
|
74 (41.3)
|
36 (63.2)
|
38 (31.2)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Sulfonylureas (%)
|
52 (29.1)
|
16 (28.1)
|
36 (29.5)
|
1.0000
|
|
Glinides (%)
|
27 (15.1)
|
11 (19.3)
|
16 (13.1)
|
0.3697
|
|
Metformin (%)
|
96 (53.6)
|
34 (59.7)
|
62 (50.8)
|
0.3346
|
|
Thiazolidine (%)
|
13 (7.3)
|
4 (7.0)
|
9 (7.4)
|
1.0000
|
|
α-Glucosidase inhibitors (%)
|
33 (18.4)
|
9 (15.8)
|
24 (19.7)
|
0.6796
|
|
DPP-4 inhibitors (%)
|
135 (75.4)
|
42 (73.7)
|
93 (76.2)
|
0.7131
|
|
GLP-1 receptor agonists (%)
|
18 (10.1)
|
6 (10.5)
|
12 (9.8)
|
1.0000
|
|
SGLT2 inhibitors (%)
|
30 (16.8)
|
6 (10.5)
|
24 (19.7)
|
0.1395
|
|
Acute coronary syndrome (%)
|
26 (14.5)
|
11 (19.3)
|
15 (12.3)
|
0.2560
|
|
History of stroke or TIA (%)
|
25 (14.0)
|
13 (22.8)
|
12 (9.8)
|
0.0350
|
|
FPG (mg/dL)
|
134.0 (116.0, 156.0)
|
119.0 (105.0, 135.5)
|
142 (123.0, 165.3)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
HbA1c (%)
|
7.1 (6.7, 7.7)
|
7.0 (6.6, 7.6)
|
7.2 (6.8, 7.8)
|
0.0387
|
|
HbA1c (mmol/mol)
|
54.1 (49.7, 60.7)
|
53.0 (48.6, 59.6)
|
55.2 (50.8, 61.7)
|
0.0387
|
|
CPI (ng/mL per mg/dL)
|
1.1 (0.7, 1.7)
|
1.0 (0.5, 1.5)
|
1.2 (0.9, 1.8)
|
0.0228
|
|
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
|
62.8 (48.4, 70.0)
|
58.0 (45.9, 68.3)
|
63.2 (50.6, 70.7)
|
0.1780
|
- Values are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number (%) of patients in each category. The Mann–Whitney U-test or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparisons of the parameters between the TBR ≥ 1% group and TBR < 1% group
- BMI body mass index, DPP‐4 dipeptidyl peptidase‐4, GLP‐1 glucagon‐like peptide‐1, SGLT2 sodium–glucose cotransporter 2, TIA transient ischemic attack, FPG fasting plasma glucose, CPI C-peptide index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, TBR time below target glucose range
