Table 4 Participants characteristics according to hepatic image results combined (US + TE)

N

30

65

Clinical variables

Age, years

39 ± 12

39 ± 13

Female, n (%)

18 (60.0)

37 (56.9)

Non-Caucasian, n (%)

15 (50.0)

33 (50.8)

Years of formal education

12 ± 4

12 ± 3

Diabetes duration, years

21 ± 10

20 ± 9

BMI, kg/m²

27.9 ± 3.9

24.2 ± 3.6

Waist circumference, cm

92.1 ± 11.2

83.1 ± 10.8

Hip circumference, cm

102.4 ± 7.9

97.9 ± 7.1

Waist-to-hip ratio

0.90 ± 0.08

0.85 ± 0.08

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

131 ± 16

125 ± 16

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

79 ± 11

76 ± 10

Metabolic syndrome, n (%)

21 (67.7)

21 (30.0)

Insulin dose, U/kg

0.78 ± 0.28

0.76 ± 0.32

Anti-hypertensive use, n (%)

15 (50.0)

24 (36.9)

Metformin use, n (%)

5 (16.7)

6 (9.2)

Statin use, n (%)

16 (53.3)

28 (43.1)

Acetylsalicylic acid use, n (%)

7 (23.3)

11 (16.9)

Currently smoking, n (%)

3 (10.0)

3 (4.6)

Laboratory measurements

HbA1c, %

mmol/mol

8.9 [3.0]

74 [32]

8.5 [2.2]

69 [21]

Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dl

130 [175]

116 [137]

Total cholesterol, mg/dl

168.5 [62.8]

161.0 [66.0]

HDL cholesterol, mg/dl

45.8 [26.0]

48.6 [32.0]

LDL cholesterol, mg/dl

95.8 [51.7]

92.6 [39.6]

Triglycerides, mg/dl

103.0 [103.8]

72.0 [61.5]

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m²

103 [32]

99 [28]

Albumin, mg/dl

3.9 ± 0.7

4.0 ± 0.6

ALT, U/l

10.0 [11.3]

8.0 [6.5]

AST, U/l

14.5 [11.5]

12.0 [6.0]

GGT, U/l

19.5 [17.3]

19.0 [17.5]

CPK, U/l

100.5 [142.3]

81.0 [85.5]

C-reactive protein, mg/dl

0.3 [0.7]

0.2 [0.4]

Uric acid, mg/dl

3.8 [1.5]

3.5 [2.0]

Fatty liver index

46 [52]

11 [21]

TE measurements

CAP, dB/m

234 ± 51

174 ± 33

LSM, kPa

5.6 [3.9]

4.8 [1.8]