Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study participants
Characteristic | Before surgery | After 3Â months | After 6Â months |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 13) | (n = 13) | (n = 13) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 42.2 ± 4.2 | 35.9 ± 4.7* | 33.0 ± 2.9### |
Body weight (kg) | 113.4 ± 14.7 | 94.2 ± 13.9* | 90.1 ± 12.4## |
Waist circumference (cm) | 123.2 ± 12.0 | 107.8 ± 7.7 | 107.2 ± 13.7# |
Fat mass (kg) | 52.8 ± 9.3 | 37.8 ± 9.1* | 34.4 ± 7.1### |
Lean mass (kg) | 61.0 ± 5.9 | 56.4 ± 5.2 | 55.7 ± 6.1 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 97.5 ± 25.1 | 87.0 ± 19.2 | 82.5 ± 11.6 |
A1C (%) | 5.4 ± 0.7 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 5.1 ± 0.4 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 165 ± 20.5 | 155.8 ± 27.1 | 160.9 ± 24.1 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 39.0 ± 9.5 | 39.1 ± 10.6 | 42.0 ± 10.2 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 105.7 ± 20.3 | 105.3 ± 20.1 | 100.4 ± 16.5 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 121.5 ± 67.0 | 86.5 ± 36.2 | 91.9 ± 40.1 |
Insulin (mU/L) | 17.1 ± 7.7 | 9.0 ± 5.0 | 7.5 ± 4.4# |
HOMA-IR | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 0.6* | 0.9 ± 0.5# |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 136 ± 9.6 | 113 ± 5.4*** | 114 ± 7.5### |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 102 ± 6.8 | 76 ± 5.4*** | 78.5 ± 6.4### |
% of weight loss | NA | − 17% | − 20.50% |
% blood glucose reduction | NA | − 12.90% | − 17.50% |
% Cholesterol reduction | NA | − 5.50% | − 2.50% |
% Triglycerides reduction | NA | − 30.90% | − 26.60% |
% LDL reduction | NA | − 0.40% | − 5.00% |
% HDL change | NA | − 0.25% | 7.40% |