Table 1 Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of the studied population

Age, years

37.5 ± 12.5

59.7 ± 10.4

Age, n (%) (years)

 < 25

29 (20.1)

2(1.0)

 25–44

67 (46.5)

16(7.9)

 45–64

46 (31.9)

123 (60.6)

 ≥ 65

2 (1.0)

62 (30.5)

Gender, n (%)

 Male

63 (43.7)

71(37.9)

 Female

81 (56.3)

132 (65)

Self-reported color-race, n (%)^a

 White

73 (50.7)

77(37.9)

 Non-White

71 (49.3)

126(62.1)

 Years of school attendance

12.4 ± 3.1

8.4 ± 4.4

Economic status^b

 Low

95 (66.0)

123 (60.6)

 Very low

10 (6.9)

34 (16.7)

 Medium

31 (21.5)

18 (8.9)

BMI (kg/m²)

24.6 ± 4.2

29.9 ± 5.2

Initial CG (mg/dl)

195.8 ± 81.4

184.1 ± 64.8

Final CG (mg/dl)

172.7 ± 89.7

174.1 ± 70.6

HbA1c (%)

8.9 ± 1.9

8.1 ± 3.2

< 7.0 n (%)

16 (11.8)

56(26.6)

≥ 9.0 n (%)

63(46.3)

60(29.6)

HbA1c, mmol/mol

74.5 ± 21.0

65.3 ± 19.5

Smokers, years; n (%)

15 (7.5)

33 (16.2)

Drinkers, years; n (%)

25 (17.4)

44(21.6)

Diabetes treatment; years, n (%)

 Oral drugs^c

48 (23.9)

190 (93.5)

 Antihypertensives

40 (27.8)

130(64.0)

 Insulin

144 (100.0)

92(45.3)

 Statins

35 (24.3)

124(61.1)