Table 1 Baseline characteristics of hospitalized diabetes patients with a hypertensive crisis (Group 1), without a hypertensive crisis or a symptomatic hypoglycemia (Group 2), with symptomatic hypoglycemia (Group 3) at admission

Men/women (n)

7/12

NA

NA

9/10

NA

NA

6/9

NA

NA

NA

Diabetes type 1/2/3c

0/19/0

NA

19

1/17/1

NA

19

6/8/1

NA

15

NA

Age (years)

19

69.9 ± 9.8

19

19

64.1 ± 15.8

19

15

62.2 ± 21.9

15

0.3449

Body mass index (kg/m²)

19

38.1 ± 14.0

19

19

28.5 ± 10.5

19

15

27.4 ± 6.0

15

0.0028

Antihypertensive classes per patient at admission (n)

19

3.9 ± 1.6

19

19

2.3 ± 1.6

19

15

2.5 ± 1.6

15

0.1435

Antihypertensive DDD at admission (n)

19

6.2 ± 5.4

19

19

3.0 ± 3.4

19

15

4.7 ± 6.0

15

0.0662

Daily cumulative insulin dose (units/d)

19

60.9 ± 41.5

19

19

30.5 ± 27.6

19

15

46.5 ± 23.3

15

0.0229

HbA1c (%)

19

8.6 ± 2.8

19

19

8.9 ± 2.8

19

15

7.7 ± 1.5

15

0.8592

Urea (plasma; mmol/L)

19

10.5 ± 5.1

19

19

6.6 ± 5.0

19

15

6.9 ± 4.2

15

0.0105

Creatinine (serum; µmol/L)

19

132.8 ± 55.3

19

19

89.5 ± 37.2

19

15

110.5 ± 55.2

15

0.0106

Cortisol (plasma; pg/mL)

19

395.4 ± 156.9

17

19

331.1 ± 126.7

18

15

387.6 ± 176.1

13

0.4079

Epinephrine (plasma; pg/mL)

19

34.9 ± 26.1

18

19

32.6 ± 20.4

18

15

32.6 ± 24.4

14

0.9326

Norepinephrine (plasma; pg/mL)

19

788.6 ± 411.9

17

19

437.5 ± 239.3

17

15

644.3 ± 378.7

14

0.0191

Maximal heart rate (bpm)

19

107.6 ± 18.8

13

19

102.2 ± 23.3

11

15

119.1 ± 24.5

9

0.2373

Mean heart rate (bpm)

19

79.2 ± 13.4

13

19

72.8 ± 15.8

11

15

82.8 ± 19.6

9

0.3751

Minimal heart rate (bpm)

19

66.7 ± 13.2

13

19

58.8 ± 13.3

11

15

63.0 ± 14.8

9

0.3844

Heart rate variability, standard deviation of heart-beat intervals (ms)

19

65.1 ± 52.5

14

19

60.5 ± 40.4

15

15

56.4 ± 35.5

9

0.9584