Adolescent metabolic syndrome and its components associations with incidence of type 2 diabetes in early adulthood: Tehran lipid and glucose study

Table 2 Baseline characteristics between adolescents with incident type 2 diabetes and those without incident type 2 diabetes in the Tehran lipid and glucose study

	With incident type 2 diabetes (n = 44)	Without incident type 2 diabetes (n = 2754)	P-value	Total (n = 2798)
Continuous variables
Age (years)	15.2 ± 2.6	14.5 ± 2.8	0.110	14.5 ± 2.8
Body mass index (kg /m²)	22.2 ± 4.7	20.5 ± 4.2	0.005	20.5 ± 4.2
WC (cm)	74.6 ± 10.6	70.3 ± 10.8	0.009	70.3 ± 10.8
SBP (mmHg)	105.8 ± 14.0	105.0 ± 11.7	0.649	105.0 ± 11.8
DBP (mmHg)	72.6 ± 9.6	70.8 ± 9.4	0.200	70.8 ± 9.4
HDL-C (mg/dl)	42.8 ± 10.2	42.9 ± 10.1	0.950	42.9 ± 10.1
TGs (mg⁄dl)	117 (86–152)	95 (71–131)	0.015	96 (71–132)
FPG (mg⁄dl)	89.6 ± 9.0	88.0 ± 7.8	0.194	88.0 ± 7.8
Categorical variables
Female (%)	81.8	53.8	< 0.001	54.3
High WC (%)	31.8	16.3	0.006	16.5
High BP (%)	22.7	16.3	0.254	16.4
Low HDL-C (%)	52.3	46.2	0.422	46.3
High TGs (%)	50.0	36.6	0.067	36.8
High FPG (%)	9.1	7.1	0.607	7.1
Metabolic syndrome (%)	29.5	11.9	< 0.001	12.1

Data are given as the mean ± SD or median (IQ 25–75) unless otherwise indicated
Metabolic syndrome was defined as 3 or more of the following: TGs ≥ 110 mg/dl; HDL-C < 40 mg/dl; FPG ≥ 100 mg/dl; WC ≥ 90th percentile for age and sex, according to national reference curves [16]; and SBP and/or DBP ≥ 90th percentile for sex, age, and height, according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s recommended cut-off points [17]
WC waist circumference, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TGs triglycerides, FPG fasting plasma glucose

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