Table 1 Baseline characteristics of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study participants based on quartiles of low carbohydrate diet score
Characteristics | Quartiles of low carbohydrate diet score | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (n = 1233) | Q2 (n = 1191) | Q3 (n = 997) | Q4 (n = 935) | ||
LCD score, Median (minimum–maximum) | 9 (3–12) | 15 (13–17) | 20 (18–21) | 24 (22–30) |  |
Age (years) | 41.9 ± 13.6 | 40.9 ± 13.0 | 39.6 ± 12.5 | 39.4 ± 12.4 | < 0.001 |
Male (%) | 45.5 | 50.5 | 63.2 | 67.4 | < 0.001 |
High educational level (%) | 68.9 | 68.7 | 71.1 | 70.4 | 0.475 |
Current smoker (%) | 12.6 | 11.5 | 10.7 | 12.3 | 0.472 |
Physical activity (MET-h/week) | 71.4 (36.4–103.6) | 69.9 (34.9–103.2) | 61.2 (32.1–95.5) | 63.1 (33.7–92.5) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 92.92 | 92.76 | 91.37 | 91.20 | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 4.8 | 27.1 ± 4.5 | 27.0 ± 4.7 | 27.4 ± 4.6 | 0.233 |
High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 46.1 ± 11.3 | 46.8 ± 11.1 | 48.7 ± 11.6 | 49.5 ± 11.3 | < 0.001 |
Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 112.1 ± 33.0 | 111.7 ± 32.4 | 110.1 ± 32.2 | 110.3 ± 31.8 | 0.300 |
Hypertension (%) | 15.8 | 14.0 | 12.3 | 13.8 | 0.025 |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 123.0 (86.0–177.0) | 119.0 (83.0–171.0) | 110.0 (77.0–159.2) | 106.0 (77.0–149.0) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 114.2 ± 16.6 | 113.0 ± 15.5 | 111.7 ± 15.3 | 111.8 ± 16.3 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.9 ± 11.2 | 75.6 ± 10.7 | 74.9 ± 10.7 | 74.5 ± 11.0 | 0.006 |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) | 93.1 ± 8.5 | 92.7 ± 8.5 | 92.2 ± 8.5 | 92.1 ± 8.4 | 0.015 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 187.0 ± 38.8 | 186.0 ± 37.2 | 184.4 ± 37.4 | 184.5 ± 36.2 | 0.208 |