Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical data
From: Gender differences in quality of life in adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus
Total | Male | Female | |
|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients (n, %) | 312, 100% | 161, 51.6% | 151, 48.4% |
Age (years) | 38.2 ± 12.7 | 38.7 ± 12.7 | 37.7 ± 12.6 |
Education (years) | 13.4 ± 4.7 | 13.2 ± 4.8 | 13.6 ± 4.7 |
Marital status: | |||
Single | 103 (33%) | 54 (33.5%) | 49 (32.4%) |
Married | 151 (48.4%) | 75 (46.5%) | 76 (50.3%) |
Divorced | 23 (7.3%) | 15 (9.4%) | 8 (5.4%) |
Widowed | 6 (1.9%) | 2 (1.3%) | 4 (2.6%) |
In a relationship | 29 (9.3%) | 15 (9.3%) | 14 (9.3%) |
Age at diagnosis (years) | 17.7 ± 10.7 | 17.6 ± 11.1 | 17.7 ± 10.3 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 20.4 ± 12 | 20.7 ± 12.4 | 19.9 ± 11.6 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.5 ± 1.1 | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 7.5 ± 1 |
Glycemic Instabilitya | 9.2 ± 8.3 | 9.4 ± 9.3 | 8.4 ± 7.1 |
Hypertension | 77 (24.6%) | 47 (29.2%) | 30 (19.9%)* |
Unawareness hypoglycemic | 95 (30.4%) | 54 (33.5%) | 41 (27.1%) |
Severe hypoglycemia (last year): | |||
0 | 244 (78.2%) | 127 (78.9%) | 117 (77.5%) |
1 | 35 (11.2%) | 18 (11.2%) | 17 (11.25%) |
> 1 | 33 (10.6%) | 16 (9.9%) | 17 (11.25%) |
Intensive insulin regimen: | 312 (100%) | 161 (100%) | 151 (100%) |
Bolus Basal | 287 (92%) | 152 (94.4%) | 135 (89.4%) |
CSII | 23 (7.4%) | 9 (5.6%) | 14 (9.3%) |
Insulin regimen < 2 shots a day | 2 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.3%) |
Microvascular complications: | 192 (61.5%) | 108 (67%) | 84 (55.6%) |
Retinopathy | 107 (34.3%) | 61 (37.9%) | 46 (30.5%) |
Nephropathy | 62 (19.9%) | 34 (21.1%) | 28 (18.5%) |
Neuropathy | 23 (7.4%) | 13 (8.1%) | 10 (6.6%) |
Macrovascular complications | 14 (4.5%) | 11 (6.8%) | 3 (1.9%)* |
Fear of hypoglycemia | 139 (44.6%) | 70 (43.5%) | 69 (45.7%) |
Depression (MINI) | 72 (23.1%) | 24 (14.9%) | 48 (31.7%)* |
Anxiety (MINI) | 56 (17.9%) | 21 (13%) | 35 (23.2%)* |