Maternal factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: a Brazilian reference center cohort study

Table 5 Results of the logistic regression analysis—adjusted risk (RR_adj) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of maternal and pregnancy characteristics (exposure) for HIP and perinatal outcomes (response)

Exposure	Outcome	RR_adj	95% CI
Age ≥ 25 years	HIP	1.83	1.12–2.99
Prepregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²		2.88	1.89–4.39
Family history of DM (1st degree)		2.12	1.42–3.17
Multiparity (≥ 2)		2.07	1.27–3.37
Family history of DM (1st degree)	C-section	1.69	1.16–2.16
Hypertension		2.00	1.36–298
Prepregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²	1st C-section	0.45	0.27–0.57
HbA1c > 6.0%	LGA	1.99	1.05–3.80
	Macrosomia	2.43	1.27–4.63
	BW/GA Z-score > 2.0	4.17	1.57–11.10

Variables tested in the forward model: exposure = all significant results in Table 3 (maternal and pregnancy characteristics); outcomes = HIP (hyperglycemia in pregnancy) and all significant results in Table 4 (perinatal outcomes)
HIP hyperglycemia in pregnancy (GDM + MGH), GA gestational age, LGA large for gestational age, BW birthweight, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, HbA1c glycate hemoglobin

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