Characteristics | HIP | Control | RR | Missing |
---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | [95% CI]* | ||
Age ≥ 25 years | 289 (85.25) | 143 (62.72) | 1.81 [1.44–2.27] | 2 |
Prenatal visits < 6 | 34 (11.60) | 11 (5.26) | 1.33 [1.11–1.60] | 67 |
Multiparity (≥ 2) | 283 (86.28) | 143 (64.71) | 1.82 [1.43–2.31] | 20 |
Without partner | 33 (10.09) | 36 (16.36) | 0.78 [0.60–1.00] | 22 |
Nonwhite ethnicity | 120 (36.92) | 78 (35.29) | 1.03 [0.89–1.19] | 23 |
Smoking | 68 (20.00) | 34 (14.91) | 1.14 [0.98–1.34] | 1 |
Nonexercise/sedentarism | 193 (59.20) | 160 (74.42) | 0.77 [0.68–0.88] | 28 |
Not working/housewife | 188 (58.20) | 106 (48.85) | 1.17 [1.01–1.34] | 29 |
Family history of DM (1st degree) | 149 (45.15) | 59 (26.94) | 1.35 [1.18–1.54] | 20 |
Hypertension | 130 (38.35) | (27.43) | 1.21 [1.06–1.38] | 4 |
Prepregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 264 (82.50) | 124 (56.88) | 1.82 [1.47–2.27] | 31 |
Excessive weight gain | 120 (40.68) | 90 (43.48) | 0.95 [0.82–1.11] | 67 |
OGTT-100 g (N = 220; mg/dL) | ||||
 FPG ≥ 95 | 45 (32.85) | 0 (0.00) | 1.90 [1.65–2.19] | – |
 1 h ≥ 180 | 53 (38.69) | 1 (1.20) | 1.94 [1.66–2.26] | – |
 2 h ≥ 165 | 56 (40.88) | 2 (2.41) | 1.93 [1.64–2.17] | – |
 3 h ≥ 140 | 45 (32.85) | 0 (0.00) | 1.90 [1.65–2.19] | – |
OGTT-75 g (N = 333; mg/dL) | ||||
 FPG ≥ 92 | 77 (40.53) | 0 (0.00) | 2.23 [1.94–2.56] | 4 |
 1 h ≥ 180 | 64 (34.22) | 0 (0.00) | 2.13 [1.87–2.42] | 7 |
 2 h ≥ 153 | 63 (33.51) | 0 (0.00) | 2.11 [1.86–2.40] | 6 |
GP mean ≥ 120 mg/dL (at diagnosis) | 16 (4.83) | 1 (0.44) | 1.61 [1.40–1.85] | 13 |
HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (at birth) | 28 (8.51) | 2 (0.97) | 1.57 [1.39–1.76] | 34 |
HbA1c ≥ 6.0% (at birth) | 34 (25.53) | 15 (7.28) | 1.51 [1.34–1.70] | 34 |