Table 2 Characteristics of 343 participants according to the presence of metabolic syndrome
Participants with metabolic syndrome (n = 75) | Participants without metabolic syndrome (n = 268) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
N (%), mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) [traditional units] | |||
Demographics and lifestyle habits | |||
Age (years) | 92 (3) | 93 (3) | .028 |
Sex (female) | 59 (79) | 177 (66) | .048 |
Education (years) | 5 (3–5) | 5 (3–6) | .776 |
Alcohol consumption (mL/day) | 4.7 (.7) | 4.6 (.8) | .769 |
Smoking (total lifetime pack years) | 4867 (3650–7300) | 3650 (1217–7300) | .071 |
Mediterranean diet score | 34.0 (4.0) | 34.3 (3.5) | .526 |
Living in nursing home | 7 (9) | 22 (8) | .814 |
Medications | |||
ACE-inhibitors | 35 (47) | 89 (33) | .041 |
Diuretics | 39 (52) | 141 (53) | .999 |
Beta-blockers | 19 (26) | 34 (13) | .010 |
Platelet antiaggregants | 32 (43) | 104 (39) | .594 |
Benzodiazepines | 9 (12) | 54 (20) | .129 |
Antidepressants | 19 (25) | 42 (16) | .062 |
Antipsychotics | 5 (7) | 21 (8) | .999 |
Analgesics or oppioids | 6 (8) | 20 (7) | .810 |
Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 13 (17) | 34 (13) | .343 |
Corticosteroids | 4 (5) | 13 (5) | .772 |
Antihistaminics | 0 (0) | 1 (.4) | .999 |
Comorbid conditions | |||
Charlson comorbidity Index | 1 (0–6) | 1 (0–3) | .035 |
Heart failure | 13 (18) | 66 (26) | .166 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 10 (14) | 38 (15) | .853 |
Stroke or cerebrovascular disease | 16 (22) | 51 (20) | .745 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 13 (18) | 53 (21) | .662 |
Connectivities | 1 (1) | 7 (3) | .689 |
Hepatic disease | 3 (4) | 2 (1) | .077 |
Depression | 2 (3) | 14 (5) | .538 |
Physical and cognitive performance | |||
Mini mental state examination | 21.2 (8.0) | 21.6 (7.2) | .745 |
Disability in BADL | 34 (45) | 127 (47) | .794 |
Disability in IADL | 67 (89) | 227 (85) | .356 |
Short physical performance battery | 6 (2) | 6 (3) | .676 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.4 (4.1) | 24.9 (4.8) | <.0001 |
Pittsburgh sleep quality assessment | 6 (4) | 8 (4) | .007 |
Biohumoral parameters | |||
Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min) | 37.2 (16.0) | 40.0 (17.0) | .121 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) [g/dL] | 124 (16) [12.4 (1.6)] | 130 (15) [13.0 (1.5)] | .002 |
Total serum proteins (g/dL) [g/L] | 64 (7) [6.4 (.7)] | 65 (6) [6.5 (.6)] | .371 |
Albumin (proportion of 1) [%] | .57 (.05) [56.9 (4.8)] | .58 (.04) [56.7 (4.4)] | .811 |
C-reactive protein (nmol/L) [mg/L] | 3.43 (1.52–7.43) [.44 (.16–.78)] | 2.67 (1.43–6.67) [.28 (.15–.70)] | .302 |