High anxiety and depressive symptoms in partners of type 1 diabetes persons in a sample of the Brazilian population

Table 4 Descriptive data analysis comparing partners with scores < and ≥ 8 in HAD-D subscale (depressive symptoms)

T1D partners/N = 72	Partners HAD-D < 8 N = 59/72	Partners HAD-D ≥ 8 N = 13/72
Variables	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p-valor
Age (years)	42.20 ± 13.35	44.92 ±17.51	0.6869^a
Education level (years of study)	12.35 ± 3.86	9.38 ± 3.28	0.0206^a
Length of relationship (years)	14.55 ± 12.54	15.62 ± 12.22	0.6549^a

Variables	N (%)	N (%)	p-valor
Male gender	41 (69.49)	9 (69.23)	1.0000^c
Income reaching until 3 Brazilian minimal wages	27 (45.76)	6 (46.15)	0.9796^b
Helped T1D spouses recover from severe episodes of hypoglycemia in the last 6 months	26 (44.07)	10 (76.92)	0.0320^b

T1D patients/N = 72
Variables	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p-valor
Age (years)	40.56 ± 13.01	44.00 ± 11.47	0.3715^a
Education level (years of study)	12 ± 4.05	10.23 ± 3.90	0.1865^a
Years of T1D	22.41 ± 12.24	28.62 ± 7.11	0.0265^a
Number of severe episodes of hypoglycemia last 6 months	2.42 ± 4.72	6.38 ± 8.90	0.0092^a
HbA1c, N=71	8.24 ± 1.62	7.97 ± 1.04	0.8700^a

Variables	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)
Female gender	43 (72.88)	9 (69.23)	0.7457^c
Multiple insulin doses	47 (79.66)	13 (100.00)	0.1071^c
Insulin pump use	12 (20.34)	0 (0)	0.1071^c
CGM use	16 (27.12)	5 (38.46)	0.5035^c
Presence of chronic complications	32 (54.24)	11 (84.62)	0.0432^c
Occurrence of ketoacidosis since the T1D diagnosis of the disease	22 (37.29)	4 (30.77)	0.7579^c

Italic values indicate significance of p values (p < 0.05)
HAD-D Depressive subscale of Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale, T1D type 1 diabetes, SD standard deviation; severe episodes of hypoglycemia: episodes that the patient with type 1 diabetes needed assistance from others to recover, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, CGM continuous glucose monitoring; chronic complications: nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy
^aMann–Whitney test, ^bChi-square test, ^cFisher’s exact test

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