High anxiety and depressive symptoms in partners of type 1 diabetes persons in a sample of the Brazilian population

Table 3 Descriptive data analysis comparing partners with scores < and ≥ 8 in HAD-A subscale (anxiety symptoms)

T1D partners/N = 72	Partners HAD-A < 8 N = 41/72	Partners HAD-A ≥ 8 N = 31/72
Variables	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p-valor
Age (years)	40.46 ± 12.77	45.65 ± 15.38	0.1135^a
Education level (years of study)	12.33 ± 3.62	11.13 ± 4.23	0.0548^a
Length of relationship (years)	13.17 ± 10.84	16.81 ± 14.13	0.3964^a

Variables	N (%)	N (%)	p-valor
Gender male	29 (70.73)	21 (67.74)	0.7851^b
Income reaching until 3 Brazilian minimal wages	21 (51.22)	12 (38.71)	0.2915^b
Helped T1D spouses recover from severe episodes of hypoglycemia in the last 6 months	17 (41.46)	19 (61.29)	0.0957^b

T1D patients/ N = 72
Variables	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p-valor
Age (years)	39.22 ± 13.03	43.77 ± 12.07	0.1330^a
Education level (years of study)	12.32 ± 4.14	10.84 ± 3.84	0.1633^a
Years of T1D	23.93 ± 11.49	23.00 ± 12.12	0.7630^a
Number of severe episodes of hypoglycemia in the last 6 months	2.39 ± 4.65	4.13 ± 7.05	0.1193^a
HbA1c (%), N = 71	8.24 ± 1.62	8.16 ± 1.50	0.9814^a

Variables	N (%)	N (%)	p-valor
Female gender	30 (73.17)	22 (70.97)	0.8363^b
Multiple insulin doses	32 (78.05)	28 (90.32)	0.1664^b
Insulin pump use	9 (21.95)	3 (9.68)	0.1664^b
CGM use	8 (19.51)	13 (41.94)	0.0382^b
Presence of chronic complications	21 (51.22)	22 (70.97)	0.0907^b
Occurrence of ketoacidosis since the T1D diagnosis of the disease	13 (31.71)	13 (41.74)	0.3710^b

Italic value indicates significance of p value (p < 0.05)
HAD-A Anxiety subscale of Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale, T1D type 1 diabetes, SD standard deviation; severe episodes of hypoglycemia: episodes that the patient with type 1 diabetes needed assistance from others to recover, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, CGM continuous glucose monitoring; chronic complications (0–3): nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy
^aMann–Whitney test, ^bChi-square test

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