Table 6 Frequency of Insulin Resistance in different studies and associations with clinical variables
Author, year | Country | Study design | Method of Assessment for IR | Study groups | Frequency of IR | Results of univariate analysis or correlations between IR and variables in RA and or SLE | Variables associated to IR in RA and or SLE in the multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shahin et al., 2010 [10] | Egypt | Cross-sectional | HOMA-IR | RA CL | n = 66 n = 40 | RA CL | 72.7% NA | IR correlated with: body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, insulin, glucose, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, IR not correlated with: HDL-c | Multiple linear logistic regression: insulin, HDL-c, total-cholesterol, erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
Manrique et al., 2016 [1] | Spain | Cohort | HOMA-IR | RA CL | n = 46 n = 45 | RA CL | 21.7% 15.6% | IR correlated with: waist-hip ratio, total fat mass, disease duration, rheumatoid factor, TNF-IR not correlated with: age, body mass index, waist circumference, total free fat mass, blood pressure, HDL-c, LDL-c, total-cholesterol, triglycerides | Box-Cox: total fat mass, disease duration |
Costa et al., 2016 [9] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | HOMA-IR | RA CL | n = 173 n = 97 | RA CL | 47% NA | IR associated with: DAS 28, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, IR not associated with: disease duration, RA pharmacologic treatment | ND |
Müller et al., 2017 [11] | Estonia | Cross-sectional | HOMA-IR | RA CL | n = 92 n = 321 | RA CL | 48.5% 22.5% | IR associated with: disease duration, DAS 28, C-reactive protein, TNF-a, IL-6 IR not associated with: age, body mass index, rheumatoid factor, glucocorticosteroid use, disease modifying drugs use, total fat mass | Binomial logistic regression: appendicular lean mass and fat mass index by DEXA, high DAS 28 score |
Lozovoy et al., 2013 [13] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | HOMA-IR | SLE CL | n = 111 n = 125 | SLE CL | 64.8% NA | IR associated with: body mass index, gamma-glutamyl transferase, antihypertensive drugs use, IR not associated with: age, smoking, disease duration, SLEDAI, SLE pharmacologic treatment | ND |
Gazareen et al., 2014 [12] | Egypt | Cross-sectional | HOMA-IR | SLE RA CL | n = 35 n = 35 n = 20 | SLE RA CL | 37.1% 54.2% NA | IR in SLE correlated with: triglycerides, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, disease activity (SLAM), IR in SLE not correlated with: body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, IR in RA correlated with: total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, DAS 28, IR in RA not correlated with: age, body mass index, disease duration, HDL-c | ND |
Present study, 2019 | Mexico | Cross-sectional | TyG index | SLE RA CL | n = 66 n = 107 n = 50 | SLE RA CL | 54.8% 55.1% 10% | IR in SLE correlated with: duration of hypertension, body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass, total-cholesterol, LDL-c, uric acid, IR in SLE not correlated with: age, HDL-c, disease duration, SLEDAI, IR in RA correlated with: duration of hypertension, body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, uric acid, IR in RA not correlated with: age, fat mass, disease duration, DAS 28 | Logistic regression: duration of hypertension, waist circumference and uric acid |