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Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between controls, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

From: Fasting triglycerides and glucose index: a useful screening test for assessing insulin resistance in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus

Variables

Controls

n = 50

RA

n = 95

SLE

n = 57

p

Age (years) mean ± SD

51.1 ± 7.7

53.9 ± 7.0

46.8 ± 9.8**,a,b

< 0.001

Disease duration (years), mean ± SD

–

11.9 ± 9.1

12.1 ± 7.7

0.8

Smoking, n (%)

6 (12.0)

9 (9.9)

9 (15.8)

0.5

Sedentary lifestyle, n (%)

26 (52.0)

59 (62.1)

33 (57.9)

0.5

Hypertension, n (%)

4 (8.0)

32 (33.7)

16 (28.1)

0.003

Duration of hypertension (years), mean ± SD

7.3 ± 12.0

3.2 ± 6.8

2.0 ± 5.7

0.04

Menopause, n (%)

22 (45.8)

78 (82.1)

30 (52.6)

< 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD

29.5 ± 2.3

28 ± 3.6*,a

29.1 ± 5.2

0.05

 Underweight-Normal, n (%)

11 (22.0)

20 (21.1)

14 (24.6)

0.8

 Overweight-obesity, n (%)

39 (78)

75 (78.9)

43 (75.4)

 

Waist (cm), mean ± SD

92.4 ± 7.7

92 ± 9.5

92.7 ± 13.8

0.7

Total-cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD

201.1 ± 33.5

196.6 ± 37.9

197.6 ± 40.9

0.7

Total-cholesterol (mmol/L), mean ± SD

3.2 ± 0.8

5 ± 0.9

5.1 ± 1.0

0.7

Elevated triglycerides, n (%)

29 (58.0)

25 (26.3)

24 (42.1)

0.07

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD

48.2 ± 14.3

52.3 ± 14.5

52.0 ± 14.6

0.2

 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L), mean ± SD

1.2 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.3

0.2

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD

115.7 ± 30.0

114.9 ± 33.0

115.8 ± 31.0

0.9

 LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L), mean ± SD

2.9 ± 0.7

2.9 ± 0.8

2.9 ± 0.8

0.9

Uric acid (mg/dL), mean ± SD

4.7 ± 0.9

4.4 ± 1.2

4.6 ± 1.1

0.1

 Uric acid (mmol/L), mean ± SD

2.8 ± 0.5

2.6 ± 0.7

2.7 ± 0.6

0.1

TyG-index results

 Insulin Resistance, mean ± SD

3.83 ± 0.22

4.67 ± 0.21**,a

4.71 ± 0.30**,a

< 0.001

 Insulin Resistance, n (%)

5 (10.0)

48 (50.5)

28 (49.1)

< 0.001

Fat mass% (DXA results), mean ± SD

46.2 ± 3.8

46.9 ± 4.9

48.5 ± 4.8**,a

0.02

Treatments

 Corticosteroid, n (%)

–

74 (77.9)

54 (94.7)

0.006

 Chloroquine, n (%)

–

16 (15.1)

26 (48.1)

< 0.001

 Methotrexate, n (%)

–

55 (58.5)

9 (15.8)

< 0.001

 Leflunomide, n (%)

–

27 (28.4)

5 (8.8)

0.004

 Biologics, n (%)

–

6 (6.3)

13 (22.8)

< 0.001

  1. Italic values indicate significance of p value (p < 0.05)
  2. HDL-cholesterol high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol low density lipoprotein cholesterol, DXA Dual-Energy X-Ray Absortiometry, comparisons of quantitative variables between the three groups were made with one-way ANOVA. p value represents the statistical differences in at least one of the groups. To identify differences between two groups a corrected T3-Dunett analysis was performed
  3. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p < 0.001
  4. aSignificant p-value between RA or SLE vs. controls
  5. bSignificant p-value between RA vs. SLE; elevated triglycerides were defined ≥ 1.69 mmol/L; biologics included in the analysis: adalimumab, rituximab and infliximab
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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