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Table 4 Effects of chloroquine vs. placebo over 24 months (off either, i.e. washout, months 12–24)

From: Low dose chloroquine decreases insulin resistance in human metabolic syndrome but does not reduce carotid intima-media thickness

Variable

Baseline

6 months

12 months

24 months

P value

Waist (cm)

 Chloroquine

110.4 ± 10.5

112.5 ± 12.6

112.6 ± 13.6

113.2 ± 16.6

0.5578 (12 m)

 Placebo

108.9 ± 11.8

110.4 ± 13.8

109.8 ± 12.4

108.9 ± 15.9

 

Weight (kg)

 Chloroquine

102.9 ± 16.7

102.9 ± 16.7

103.1 ± 19.2

105.9 ± 20.4

0.1323

 Placebo

99.7 ± 18.5

98.7 ± 18.5

99.2 ± 17.8

100.5 ± 21.2

0.1909 (t test 24 m)

Fasting glucose

 Chloroquine

5.48 ± 0.53

5.36 ± 0.55

5.30 ± 0.51

5.58 ± 0.73

0.2741 (12 m)

 Placebo

5.52 ± 0.64

5.52 ± 0.62

5.51 ± 0.71

5.63 ± 0.74

0.0930 (t test 12 m)

Glucose AUC

 Chloroquine

16.32 ± 2.46

15.94 ± 2.24

16.17 ± 2.58

16.97 ± 3.20

0.2537

 Placebo

16.54 ± 3.49

16.87 ± 3.29

16.43 ± 3.34

17.50 ± 3.85

 

Insulin AUC

 Chloroquine

1202 ± 681

1118 ± 542

1143 ± 603

1213 ± 716

0.2479

 Placebo

1003 ± 524

1054 ± 588

995 ± 570

1022 ± 613

 

C peptide AUC

 Chloroquine

7.46 ± 2.33

7.23 ± 2.10

7.16 ± 2.20

7.39 ± 2.43

0.2918

 Placebo

6.49 ± 1.80

6.69 ± 2.06

6.46 ± 2.00

6.79 ± 2.06

 

HOMA-IR

 Chloroquine

3.89 ± 2.23

3.85 ± 2.21

3.57 ± 2.12

3.72 ± 3.53

0.8421

 Placebo

3.54 ± 2.03

3.64 ± 2.08

3.30 ± 2.23

3.29 ± 2.26

 

Matsuda index

 Chloroquine

2.89 ± 1.72

2.88 ± 1.55

3.13 ± 2.31

3.43 ± 2.84

0.8997

 Placebo

3.21 ± 1.89

3.07 ± 1.64

3.50 ± 2.14

3.56 ± 2.70

 

Insulinogenic index

 Chloroquine

1.40 ± 1.75

1.17 ± 0.87

1.24 ± 0.87

1.12 ± 0.89

0.4988

 Placebo

1.05 ± 0.77

1.03 ± 0.67

1.09 ± 0.88

1.13 ± 1.62

 

Glucagon AUC

 Chloroquine

174.0 ± 63.5

152.3 ± 60.3

126.8 ± 43.3

ND

0.6126

 Placebo

168.0 ± 60.6

138.7 ± 46.7

119.8 ± 36.2

ND

Creatinine (μmol/L)

 Chloroquine

68 ± 14

67 ± 15

66 ± 15

ND

0.7859

 Placebo

66 ± 16

65 ± 17

65 ± 17

  

ALT

 Chloroquine

26 ± 16

26 ± 19

26 ± 15

ND

0.2056

 Placebo

25 ± 12

27 ± 16

23 ± 9

ND

 

WBC count

 Chloroquine

6.7 ± 1.8

6.3 ± 1.6

6.0 ± 1.5

ND

0.7249

 Placebo

6.5 ± 1.7

6.3 ± 1.8

6.1 ± 1.9

ND

 

Hemoglobin

 Chloroquine

13.6 ± 1.1

13.3 ± 1.1

13.2 ± 1.2

ND

0.8953

 Placebo

13.8 ± 0.8

13.5 ± 0.9

13.5 ± 0.9

ND

 
  1. Data represent mean ± SD
  2. P values determined by mixed model approach to repeated measures except where indicated