Fig. 2

Chloroquine dose escalation trial design and results for hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping and lipids. a Diagram of the dose escalation protocol. A 5–7 week washout period was required between limbs to allow for hematologic recovery following the blood drawing associated with clamps. b Glucose disposal rates expressed as μmol glucose/kg body weight/min. Insulin infusion rates were 0, 56, 181, or 486 pmol/m²/min. c Hepatic glucose production expressed as (μmol glucose/kg body weight/min) per pmol/L insulin. d Hepatic insulin sensitivity expressed as percent suppression of glucose production at 56 pmol/m²/min. e Total, non-HDL, and LDL cholesterol at the end of each limb. f Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol at the end of each limb. Data represent mean ± SE. *P < 0.05 by Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons after repeated measures ANOVA