First author (year) | Study/country | Subject and gender | Age range Or mean ± SD (y) | Race/ethnicity | Mean NC ± SD | Sampling method | Statistical test used | Reported or extracted data | Method of outcome assessment | Adjusted variables | Participants | Quality Scorea |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dixon 2002 [25] | –/USA | F: 107 | 19–48 | NR | 40.6 ± 2.81 | Consecutive | Pearson | FBG: 0.095 Insulin: 0.504 HbA1c: 0.095 |  | Unadjusted | Severely obese premenopausal women | 8/10 |
Ben-Noun 2003 [20] | –/Israel | M: 231 F: 330 | ≥18 | Jewish | 38.2 ± 2.7 34.2 ± 2.5 | Consecutive | Pearson | FBG: 0.21 FBG: 0.44 |  | Unadjusted | Healthy | 8/10 |
Onat 2009 [5] | –/Turkey | M: 934 | 55.1 ± 12 | NR | 38.8 ± 2.9 | Random | Pearson | FBG: 0.05 Insulin: 0.37 HOMA-IR: 0.35 |  | Age | Healthy | 9/10 |
F: 978 |  |  | 34.8 ± 2.75 |  |  | FBG: 0.11 Insulin: 0.27 HOMA-IR: 0.30 | ||||||
Preis 2010 [13] | Framingham Heart Study cohorts/USA | M: 1720 | 28–62 | NR | 40.5 ± 2.9 | Random | Pearson | FBG: 0.25 Insulin: 0.48 HOMA-IR: 0.49 |  | Age | Healthy | 9/10 |
F: 1587 |  |  | 34.2 ± 2.8 |  |  | FBG: 0.34 Insulin: 0.47 HOMA-IR: 0.51 | ||||||
Fitch 2011 [26] | Massachusetts, USA | M: 43/F: 131 | 18–65 | NR | 37.0 ± 3.96 | Non-random | Pearson | FBG: 0.27 Insulin: 0.18 HbA1c: 0.16 |  | Unadjusted | HIV-infected | 8/10 |
M: 26/F: 128 |  |  | 36.4 ± 3.72 |  |  | FBG: 0.27 Insulin: 0.26 HbA1c: 0.28 |  |  | Healthy |  | ||
Zhou 2013 [28] | –/China | M: 2508 men | 20–85 | Asian | 37.4 ± 2.46 | Random | Pearson | FBG:0.177 |  | Age | Healthy | 9/10 |
F: 1693 |  |  | 32.4 ± 2.24 |  |  | FBG: 0.180 | ||||||
Stabe 2013 [34] | BRAMS/Brazil | M: 301 | 18–60 | Spanish | 39.7 ± 2.9 | Non-random | Spearman | FBG: 0.17 Insulin: 0.21 HOMA-IR: 0.30 HbA1c: 0.21 |  | Age | Healthy | 9/10 |
F: 752 |  |  | 35.9 ± 2.8 |  |  | FBG: 0.15 Insulin: 0.30 HOMA-IR: 0.42 HbA1c: 0.20 | ||||||
Pokharel 2014 [17] | –/USA | M: 845 | 45–63 | NR | 43.1 ± 9.65 | Non-random | Spearman | FBG: 0.15 |  | Unadjusted | Retried NFL players/healthy | 9/10 |
Kumar 2014 [29] | –/India | M: 250/F: 181 | > 35 | Asian | 35.6 ± 3.37 | Non-random | Pearson | FBG: 166 |  | Unadjusted | Patients of a clinic | 9/10 |
Aoi 2014 [22] | –/Japan | F: 64 | 62.4 ± 7.1 | Asian | 32.0 ± 1.6 | Non-random | Pearson | HOMA-IR:0.263 HbA1c:0.298 |  | Age | Healthy | 9/10 |
Yan 2014 [30] | –/China | M = 971 | Over 65 | Asian | 37.8 ± 2.8 | Random | Pearson | FBG: 0.2 |  | Unadjusted | Healthy | 8/10 |
F: 1121 | years |  | 34.4 ± 2.7 |  |  | FBG: 0.2 | ||||||
Torriani 2014 [27] | –/USA | M = 152 | 55 ± 17 | NR | 44 ± 6 | Consecutive | Pearson | FBG:0.28 |  | Age, disease status, sex | Healthy | 10/10 |
F = 151 |  |  | 39 ± 7 |  |  | FBG: NS | ||||||
Wang 2015 [14] | –/China | M: 1144 | 20–65 | Asian | 39.4 ± 6.92 | Random | Pearson | FBG: 0.25 HOMA-IR: 0.18 |  | Unadjusted | Healthy | 8/10 |
F: 2163 |  |  | 36.2 ± 4.31 |  |  | FBG: 0.06 HOMA-IR: 0.29 | ||||||
Liang 2015 [11] | CRC/China | M: 1008 | 18–93 | Asian | 37.7 ± 2.49 | Random | Pearson | FBG: 0.054 |  | Age | Healthy | 9/10 |
F: 701 |  |  | 32.7 ± 2.30 |  |  | FBG: 0.161 | ||||||
Li 2015 [31] | SPECT/China | M: 744 | 50.1 ± 14.09 (18–89) | Asian | 34.5 ± 2.15 | Random | Pearson | FBG: 0.06 Insulin: 0.11 HOMA-IR: 0.12 HbA1c: 0.11 |  | Age | Healthy | 9/10 |
F: 1924 |  |  | 31.0 ± 2.22 |  |  | FBG: 0.10 Insulin: 0.09 HOMA-IR: 0.17 HbA1c: 0.06 | ||||||
Baena 2016 [15] | ELSA/Brazil | M: 3810 | 62.4 ± 7.1 (35–74) | Spanish | 38.9 ± 2.6 | Random | Pearson | FBG: 0.193 Insulin: 0.415 HOMA-IR: 0.443 |  | Age | Healthy | 9/10 |
F: 4916 |  |  | 33.0 ± 2.6 |  |  | FBG: 0.218 Insulin: 0.337 HOMA-IR: 0.400 | ||||||
Joshipura 2016 [12] | SOALS/USA | M: 329/F: 877 | 45–65 | NR | (42.0 ± 4.8) (36.1 ± 2.9) | Random | Pearson | FBG: 0.10 HOMA-IR: 0.45 HbA1c: 0.28 |  | Age, gender, smoking status & physical activity | Overweight or obese | 10/10 |
Selvan 2016 [32] | –/India | M: 258 | 30–80 | Asian | 35.5 ± 17.0 | Non-random | Pearson | FBG: 0.025 HbA1c: 0.024 |  | Age | Healthy | 9/10 |
F: 193 |  |  | 32.0 ± 19.0 |  |  |  | ||||||
FBG: 0.221 HbA1c: 0.144 | ||||||||||||
Assyov 2017 [35] | –/Bulgaria | M: 102 | 49 ± 12 (45–70) | White | 41.0 ± 4.0 | Non-random | Pearson | FBG: 0.338 Insulin: 0.465 HOMA-IR: 0.385 HbA1c: 0.215 |  | Age | Healthy | 9/10 |
F: 153 |  |  | 38.0 ± 3.0 |  |  | FBG: 0.485 Insulin: 0.318 HOMA-IR: 0.369 HbA1c: 0.183 | ||||||
Jiang 2017 [33] | –/China | M: 3369 | ≥ 40 60.0 ± 7.8 | Asian | 38.2 ± 2.63 | Random | Pearson | FBG: 0.11 HbA1c: 0.01 |  | Unadjusted | Healthy | 8/10 |
F: 5062 |  |  | 33.9 ± 2.45 |  |  | FBG: 0.19 HbA1c: 0.03 | ||||||
Zhong 2017 [9] | –/China | M: 965 | ≥ 65 37.21 ± 6.72 | Asian | 37.8 ± 2.80 | Consecutive | Spearman | FBG: 0.195 |  | Unadjusted | Elders/healthy | 8/10 |
F: 1109 |  |  | 34.4 ± 2.75 |  |  | FBG: 0.194 |