Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Table 3 Association of risk factors with insulin resistance in patients with different liver diseases

From: Insulin resistance exhibits varied metabolic abnormalities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic hepatitis B and the combination of the two: a cross-sectional study

	CHB				NAFLD				CHB with NAFLD
	Univariate		Multivariate		Univariate		Multivariate		Univariate		Multivariate
	P	OR	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR	P	OR (95% CI)
Age, years	0.786	1.03	0.83		0.23	0.93	0.38		0.242	0.86	0.76
Male	0.004	0.45	0.23		0.24	1.22	0.20		1.000	1.01	0.52
Obesity^a	< 0.001	4.45	< 0.001	2.97 (1.79–4.94)	< 0.001	3.24	< 0.001	2.80 (1.93–4.05)	< 0.001	2.79	< 0.001	3.23 (1.74–6.00)
Hypertension^a	< 0.001	3.07	0.001	2.65 (1.48–4.74)	0.001	1.73	0.01	1.56 (1.11–2.20)	0.042	1.84	0.02	2.25 (1.17–4.30)
Hypercholesteremia^a	0.641	1.148	0.58		0.01	1.50	0.91		0.033	1.81	0.26
Hypertriglyceridemia^a	0.001	2.403	0.64		0.08	1.32	0.58		0.828	0.91	0.39
Low HDL-c^a	< 0.001	2.56	0.001	2.65 (1.52–4.64)	< 0.001	1.87	< 0.001	2.08 (1.48–2.93)	0.904	1.07	0.33
High LDL-c^a	0.015	1.82	0.04	2.14 (1.03–4.45)	< 0.001	1.73	0.01	1.70 (1.14–2.54)	0.022	1.89	0.34
Hyperuricemia^a	0.001	2.18	0.03	1.78 (1.07–2.96)	< 0.001	1.75	0.03	1.42 (1.04–1.94)	0.027	1.84	0.28
ALT elevation^a	0.002	2.04	< 0.001	3.12 (1.70–5.76)	< 0.001	1.88	0.12		0.003	2.33	0.39
AST elevation^a	0.577	1.18	0.02	0.45 (0.24–0.86)	< 0.001	1.98	0.20		< 0.001	3.24	0.004	2.99 (1.41–6.32)
ALB (g/L)	0.495	1.02	0.85		0.24	0.97	0.54		0.931	1.00	0.94
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	0.148	0.97	0.12		0.07	0.97	0.22		0.22	0.97	0.15

Data are expressed as n (%) and mean (standard deviation)
NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; CHB: chronic hepatitis B; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; FBG: fasting blood glucose; FINS: serum insulin; ALB: albumin
^aObesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m², Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as a total CHOL level > 5.2 mmol/L. Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as a TG level > 1.7 mmol/L. A low HDL-C level was defined as an HDL-C level < 1.0 mmol/L. A high LDL-C level was defined as an LDL-C level > 3.4 mmol/L. Hyperuricemia was defined as males and females at > 420 and 360 µmol/L, respectively. The normal upper limit for ALT and AST were set to 40 and 37 U/L, respectively

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