Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all patients

Gender (male)

651 (67%)

^NSa^‡

618 (70%)

^NSab

192 (76%)

*ab, ^NSc

Age (year)

39.8 (11.7)

^NSa

41.1 (12.0)

^NSab

41.0 (10.2)

^NSac, *b

BMI (kg/m²)

22.2 (3.1)

**a

26.5 (3.7)

**ab

26.0 (3.7)

**ab, *c

Waist–hip ratio

0.84 (0.07)

**a

0.89 (0.04)

**ab

0.89 (0.05)

**ab, ^NSc

SBP (mmHg)

124.8 (10.1)

**a

127.7 (14.7)

**ab

130.0 (10.8)

**ab, *c

DBP (mmHg)

82.3 (8.1)

**a

82.4 (9.9)

**a, *b

86.0 (11.1)

**ab

CHOL (mmol/L)

4.9 (1.1)

**a

5.5 (1.1)

**ab

5.2 (1.1)

**ab, *c

TG (mmol/L)

1.3 (0.8)

**a

2.5 (2.5)

**ab

1.7 (1.3)

**ab

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.3 (0.4)

^NSa

1.1 (0.3)

**ab

1.2 (0.4)

**ab, ^NSc

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.1 (0.8)

**a

3.3 (0.9)

**ab

3.4 (0.9)

**ab, ^NSc

FBG (mmol/L)

4.8 (0.7)

^NSa

5.4 (1.2)

**ab

5.3 (1.3)

**ab, *c

FINS (μU/mL)

7.3 (4.8)

*a

11.3 (7.4)

**ab

12.0 (7.9)

**ab, ^NSc

HOMA-IR

1.6 (1.3)

*a

2.7 (2.1)

**ab

2.9 (2.6)

**ab, ^NSc

UA (μmol/L)

339.0 (92.2)

**a

402.8 (102.2)

**ab

401.9 (93.2)

**ab, ^NSc

ALT (U/L)

55.1 (90.9)

**a

51.4 (44.4)

**ab

61.5 (64.5)

**ab,*c

AST (U/L)

44.2 (75.4)

**a

37.3 (26.2)

**a, *b

44.0 (43.1)

**a, *bc

ALB (g/L)

44.9 (4.1)

**a

45.97 (2.8)

**ab

45.2 (3.8)

**ac, *b

TB (μmol/L)

15.2 (6.8)

*a

14.46 (5.1)

**a, ^NSb

14.5 (6.2)

*a, ^NSbc