Study | SMD | 95% CI | P value | I2 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
DR vs control | ||||
 Ates et al. | 1.45 | 0.76–2.13 | < 0.00001 | 98 |
 Buch et al. | 1.31 | 0.65–1.98 | < 0.00001 | 98 |
 Citirik et al. | 1.46 | 0.77–2.14 | < 0.00001 | 98 |
 Dindar et al. | 1.41 | 0.73–2.09 | < 0.00001 | 98 |
 Gungor et al. | 1.39 | 0.71–2.08 | < 0.00001 | 98 |
 Li et al. | 1.43 | 0.74–2.12 | < 0.00001 | 98 |
 Müberra et al. | 1.47 | 0.77–2.17 | < 0.00001 | 98 |
 Papanas et al. | 0.92 | 0.60–1.24 | < 0.00001 | 90 |
 Radha et al. | 1.38 | 0.70–2.05 | < 0.00001 | 98 |
 Tetikoglu et al. | 1.46 | 0.76–2.16 | < 0.00001 | 98 |
 Yilmaz et al. | 1.42 | 0.71–2.14 | < 0.00001 | 98 |
 Zhong et al. | 1.44 | 0.72–2.16 | < 0.00001 | 98 |
 Zhou et al. | 1.38 | 0.68–2.07 | < 0.00001 | 98 |
DR vs T2DM without DR | ||||
 Buch et al. | 0.69 | 0.13–1.24 | < 0.00001 | 97 |
 Citirik et al. | 0.74 | 0.20–1.28 | < 0.00001 | 97 |
 Demirtas et al. | 0.72 | 0.19–1.25 | < 0.00001 | 97 |
 Dindar et al. | 0.72 | 0.17–1.28 | < 0.00001 | 97 |
 Gungor et al. | 0.71 | 0.17–1.25 | < 0.00001 | 97 |
 Li et al. | 0.73 | 0.20–1.27 | < 0.00001 | 97 |
 Müberra et al. | 0.77 | 0.23–1.31 | < 0.00001 | 96 |
 Papanas et al. | 0.36 | 0.19–0.53 | = 0.001 | 66 |
 Radha et al. | 0.65 | 0.13–1.17 | < 0.00001 | 97 |
 Tetikoglu et al. | 0.74 | 0.19–1.29 | < 0.00001 | 97 |
 Yilmaz et al. | 0.73 | 0.17–1.29 | < 0.00001 | 97 |
 Zhou et al. | 0.72 | 0.17–1.28 | < 0.00001 | 97 |