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Table 2 Clinical parameters of patients treated with placebo or EMPA

From: Anti-inflammatory effects of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance

Month of study

Placebo (n=51)

EMPA (n=51)

Placebo vs. EMPA

0

3

6

9

12

0

3

6

9

12

p value

FBG (mg/dL)

130.3 (25.7)

123.5 (22.9)

126.8 (24.8)

124.8 (32.9)

130.7 (26.2)

139.1 (36.1)

123.3 (21.9)*

122.9 (22.4)*

121.4 (22.5)*

122.1 (21.3)*

0.93

IRI (mU/mL)

9.1 (3.8)

8.7 (3.8)

9.2 (4.4)

9.5 (4.5)

10.3 (4.6)*

10.9 (6.2)

9.2 (4.4)*

8.4 (4.4)*

7.6 (3.3)*

6.5 (2.4)*

0.507

HOMA-IR

2.61 (1.26)

2.70 (1.38)

2.94 (1.54)*

3.06 (1.67)*

3.43 (1.92)*

3.56 (2.01)

2.87 (1.95)*

2.60 (1.60)*

2.27 (1.12)*

2.03 (1.01)*

0.0163†

HbA1c (%)

6.84 (0.85)

6.77 (0.81)

6.92 (0.88)

6.86 (0.93)

6.88 (0.76)

7.01 (1.1)

6.86 (0.82)*

6.88 (0.91)*

6.94 (0.96)*

6.90 (0.96)*

0.119

BMI

30.0 (4.4)

30.1 (4.3)

30.2 (4.4)

30.2 (4.6)

30.0 (3.7)

31.0 (4.8)

30.0 (4.9)*

29.5 (4.6)*

29.4 (4.5)*

29.4 (4.9)*

0.385

hsCRP (mg/L)

1.46 (1.4)

1.43 (1.56)

1.74 (1.87)

1.47 (1.66)

1.71 (1.64)

1.33 (1.0)

1.13 (0.73)

0.92 (0.68)*

0.73 (0.56)*

0.59 (0.42)*

0.00706†

LDL-C (mg/dL)

118.6 (25.1)

121.1 (25.6)

121.1 (23.8)

121.9 (24.4)

123.8 (25.8)

112.6 (27.9)

115.6 (27.3)

115.1 (23.4)

118.6 (20.0)

114.0 (19.7)

0.188

HDL-C (mg/dL)

55.1 (12.3)

54.7 (10.5)

55.4 (12.6)

54.5 (10.6)

53.3 (11.4)

55.3 (12.0)

57.8 (14.1)*

57.3 (12.9)*

58.8 (13.6)*

61.2 (15.2)*

0.222

TG (mg/dL)

129.4 (61.3)

139.8 (81.7)

142.6 (64.1)

139.9 (58.4)

153.5 (75.0)

157.8 (80.5)

130.4 (53.7)*

134.3 (54.7)*

127.6 (43.0)*

113.4 (54.6)*

0.553

RLP-C (mg/dL)

6.27 (3.96)

6.74 (5.65)

6.79 (4.28)

6.61 (4.13)

7.91 (5.57)

8.13 (5.02)

5.25 (3.17)*

5.26 (2.90)

4.87 (2.75)*

3.94 (2.10)*

0.029†

AST (IU/L)

27.2 (13.8)

27.8 (11.6)

25.8 (9.4)

26.9 (9.2)

27.1 (9.9)

28.7 (14.2)

25.6 (10.8)*

26.2 (10.1)

24.7 (8.6)

23.9 (9.4)*

0.583

ALT (IU/L)

33.2 (22.4)

35.3 (24.6)

34.4 (20.1)

34.3 (21.2)

35.7 (24.6)

37.0 (21.0)

32.0 (20.3)*

32.0 (19.6)*

31.0 (20.2)*

28.6 (20.1)*

0.6

γGTP (IU/L)

50.1 (36.1)

49.5 (33.2)

50.7 (34.3)

48.5 (28.7)

51.3 (30.5)

46.5 (32.4)

39.2 (23.8)*

41.0 (25.7)*

39.0 (24.6)*

35.1 (22.3)*

0.0558

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

71.9 (18.6)

71.7 (19.5)

71.9 (19.0)

72.3 (17.5)

71.6 (19.1)

74.3 (16.3)

70.9 (16.4)*

71.2 (15.4)*

72.9 (17.4)

72.1 (16.6)

0.956

ACR (mg/gCr)

69.7 (289)

106.1 (425)

104.0 (467)

111.0 (514)

61.8 (149)

94.9 (244)

45.3 (78.3)

40.2 (68.7)

39.6 (65.1)

36.0 (62.4)

0.806

SBP (mmHg)

128.0 (15.6)

127.0 (17.4)

128.6 (16.6)

129.9 (15.5)

128.7 (15.6)

130.5 (21.2)

125.1 (14.8)*

126.3 (14.7)*

122.4 (13.7)*

121.0 (13.3)*

0.022†

DBP (mmHg)

77.5 (10.3)

75.8 (9.3)

77.1 (9.7)

77.2 (10.7)

75.5 (14.2)

78.1 (9.8)

71.9 (16.4)*

73.3 (11.0)*

72.2 (10.3)*

72.8 (10.5)*

0.0187†

  1. Values are shown as means ± SD in parentheses
  2. BW body weight, BMI body mass index, FBG fasting blood glucose, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, IRI immuno reactive insulin, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, LDL-C LDL cholesterol, HDL-C HDL choresterol, TG triglyceride, RLP-C remnant-like particle cholesterol, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine amino transferase, γGTP gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACR albumin-to-creatinine ratio, hsCRP highly sensitivity C-reactive protein, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure
  3. *Intragroup comparison: p < 0 .05 (paired t test)
  4. †Intergroup comparison for 12 months between placebo and EMPA: p < 0 .05 (repeated measures ANOVA)
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

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