Table 1 Clinical features between participants absent and present DR
Characteristics | Absent (n = 719) | Present (n = 158) | OR (95% CI) | P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 68.00 ± 8.24 | 66.47 ± 8.37 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.04 |
BMI | 24.36 ± 3.09 | 23.96 ± 2.84 | 0.96 (0.9–1.01) | 0.14 |
Sex | ||||
 Male | 309 (43.0%) | 78 (49.4%) | 1.00 (ref) |  |
 Female | 410 (57.0%) | 80 (50.6%) | 0.77 (0.55–1.09) | 0.14 |
Education | ||||
 High school and below | 621 (86.4%) | 136 (86.1%) | 1.00 (ref) |  |
 University and above | 98 (13.6%) | 22 (13.9%) | 1.03 (0.63–1.70) | 0.90 |
Live alone | ||||
 No | 655 (91.1%) | 142 (89.9%) | 1.00 (ref) |  |
 Yes | 64 (8.9%) | 16 (10.1%) | 1.17 (0.66–2.09) | 0.59 |
Regular tea consumption | ||||
 No | 353 (49.1%) | 65 (41.1%) | 1.00 (ref) |  |
 Yes | 366 (50.9%) | 93 (58.9%) | 1.38 (0.97–1.95) | 0.07 |
Smoking | ||||
 No | 581 (80.8%) | 119 (75.3%) | 1.00 (ref) |  |
 Yes | 138 (19.2%) | 39 (24.7%) | 1.39 (0.93–2.09) | 0.11 |
Alcohol drinking | ||||
 No | 645 (89.7%) | 141 (89.2%) | 1.00 (ref) |  |
 Yes | 74 (10.3%) | 17 (10.8%) | 1.07 (0.61–1.86) | 0.82 |
Nephrosis | ||||
 Absent | 617 (87.2%) | 133 (86.9%) | 1.00 (ref) |  |
 Present | 92 (12.8%) | 20 (13.1%) | 1.09 (0.97–1.23) | 0.14 |
Heart disease | ||||
 Absent | 507 (70.5%) | 113 (71.5%) | 1.00 (ref) |  |
 Present | 212 (29.5%) | 45 (28.5%) | 0.95 (0.65–1.39) | 0.79 |
Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 142.65 ± 18.83 | 143.75 ± 19.22 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.51 |
Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 79.8 ± 10.43 | 80.2 ± 9.93 | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.66 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 10.3 ± 6.98 | 11.45 ± 7.50 | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | 0.07 |
HbA1C (%) | 7.09 ± 1.27 | 7.49 ± 1.57 | 1.22 (1.08–1.38) | 0.001 |
Hypertension | ||||
 Absent | 226 (31.4%) | 51 (32.3%) | 1.00 (ref) |  |
 Present | 493 (68.6%) | 107 (67.7%) | 0.96 (0.67–1.39) | 0.84 |
Stroke | ||||
 No | 695 (96.7%) | 151 (95.6%) | 1.00 (ref) |  |
 Yes | 24 (3.3%) | 7 (4.4%) | 1.34 (0.57–3.17) | 0.50 |
Hyperlipidemia | ||||
 Absent | 517 (71.9%) | 114 (72.2%) | 1.00 (ref) |  |
 Present | 202 (28.1%) | 44 (27.8%) | 0.99 (0.67–1.45) | 0.94 |