Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of 1395 T1DM patients with low eGFR as whole and after stratification by the presence of albuminuria
From: Normoalbuminuric kidney impairment in patients with T1DM: insights from annals initiative
Overall | Normoalbuminuria | Albuminuria | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 1395 | n = 719 | n = 676 | ||
Male sex | 654 (46.9%) | 252 (35.0%) | 402 (59.5%) | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 63 ± 14 | 66 ± 12 | 60 ± 14 | < 0.001 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 27 ± 14 | 27 ± 15 | 27 ± 13 | 0.968 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 4.7 | 26.2 ± 4.5 | 26.5 ± 4.9 | 0.201 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.55 ± 0.81 | 1.35 ± 0.52 | 1.78 ± 0.98 | < 0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 46 ± 12 | 49 ± 10 | 43 ± 13 | < 0.001 |
Albuminuria | 676 (48.5%) | – | – | |
Serum uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.7 ± 1.8 | 5.3 ± 1.8 | 6.1 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
Serum uric acid in the top quintile | 162 (19.0%) | 60 (14.3%) | 102 (23.5%) | 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.2 ± 1.6 | 8.0 ± 1.5 | 8.3 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 66 ± 17.5 | 64.0 ± 16.4 | 67 ± 18.6 | < 0.001 |
HbA1c ≥ 7% | 1071 (77.4%) | 541 (75.7%) | 530 (79.2%) | 0.114 |
HbA1c ≥ 54 mmol/mol | 1071 (77.4%) | 541 (75.7%) | 530 (79.2%) | 0.114 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 195 ± 44 | 192 ± 38 | 198 ± 48 | 0.012 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 122 ± 82 | 110 ± 74 | 136 ± 89 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL | 292 (22.4%) | 113 (16.8%) | 179 (28.5%) | < 0.001 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 60 ± 19 | 61 ± 19 | 58 ± 20 | 0.008 |
HDL < 40 M < 50 F mg/dL | 269 (20.8%) | 133 (20.0%) | 136 (21.6%) | 0.491 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 112 ± 35 | 109 ± 32 | 114 ± 38 | 0.027 |
LDL ≥ 100 mg/dL | 785 (61.1%) | 402 (60.4%) | 383 (61.9%) | 0.578 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 139 ± 20 | 137 ± 20 | 141 ± 20 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77 ± 10 | 76 ± 10 | 78 ± 10 | 0.006 |
Blood pressure ≥ 140/85 mmHg | 659 (57.8%) | 315 (53.9%) | 344 (61.9%) | 0.007 |
Non-proliferative retinopathy | 279 (20.0%) | 152 (21.1%) | 127 (18.8%) | 0.272 |
Proliferative retinopathy | 146 (10.5%) | 56 (7.8%) | 90 (13.3%) | 0.001 |
Smokers | 107 (18.7%) | 40 (13.5%) | 67 (24.3%) | 0.001 |
Lipid-lowering treatment | 611 (43.8%) | 301 (41.9%) | 310 (45.9%) | 0.133 |
Treatment with statins | 579 (41.5%) | 287 (39.9%) | 292 (43.2%) | 0.214 |
Treatment with fibrates | 14 (1.0%) | 9 (1.3%) | 5 (0.7%) | 0.343 |
Antihypertensive treatment | 986 (70.7%) | 453 (63.0%) | 533 (78.8%) | < 0.001 |
Treatment with ACE-Is/ARBs | 862 (61.8%) | 384 (53.4%) | 478 (70.7%) | < 0.001 |
Aspirin | 339 (24.3%) | 158 (22.0%) | 181 (26.8%) | 0.037 |
Insulin pump | 52 (3.7%) | 17 (2.4%) | 35 (5.2%) | 0.007 |