Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study’s population
Baseline characteristics | Compensated diabetes N = 72,591 NE = 356,810 | Decompensated diabetes N = 1113 NE = 5553 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age-mean (SD), years | 64 ± 14 | 63 ± 15 | < 0.001 |
Female | 41.0% | 47.3% | < 0.001 |
Race | 0.752 | ||
Caucasian | 70.5% | 70.1% | |
African American | 10.5% | 11.5% | |
Hispanic | 11.1% | 11.2% | |
Dyslipidemia | 52.3% | 32.4% | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 70.8% | 51.7% | < 0.001 |
Prior sternotomy | 7.3% | 6.5% | 0.361 |
Chronic lung disease | 18.2% | 13.7% | < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 15.5% | 12.0% | 0.001 |
Anemia | 16.1% | 19.4% | 0.003 |
Coagulopathy | 4.0% | 7.5% | < 0.001 |
Conduction abnormality | 5.8% | 7.2% | 0.05 |
Congestive heart failure | 0.7% | 4.7% | < 0.001 |
Cardiogenic shock | 9.3% | 23.9% | < 0.001 |
Drug abuse | 1.4% | 3.3% | < 0.001 |
Smoking | 26.6% | 20.6% | < 0.001 |
Vascular disease | 10.4% | 8.8% | 0.077 |
Coronary artery disease | 64.6% | 48.4% | < 0.001 |
Prior stroke | 3.3% | 2.6% | 0.182 |
Chronic renal failure | 17.4% | 21.2% | 0.001 |
Liver disease | 1.1% | 2.0% | 0.005 |
Teaching hospital | 43.2% | 44.8% | 0.285 |
Rural hospital location | 15.1% | 12.5% | 0.016 |
Primary payer-no (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Medicare/medicaid | 65.1% | 62.0% | |
Private insurance | 25.3% | 24.8% | |
Self-pay | 6.0% | 9.8% | |
No charge/other | 3.7% | 3.4% | |