Table 2 Baseline characteristics of women and men categorized by baseline and changes in serum uric acid
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline serum uric acid | < 4.0 mg/dL | ≥ 4.0 mg/dL | < 4.0 mg/dL | ≥ 4.0 mg/dL | |
Changes in serum uric acid | < 0.8 mg/dL | < 0.8 mg/dL | ≥ 0.8 mg/dL | ≥ 0.8 mg/dL | |
Baseline characteristics N = 393 | N = 88 | N = 193 | N = 49 | N = 63 | |
Women | |||||
Age (years) | 59 ± 8 | 59 ± 7 | 60 ± 8 | 60 ± 8 | 0.714 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.0 ± 2.8 | 23.6 ± 3.1 | 22.7 ± 2.7 | 24.3 ± 2.8 | < 0.001 |
Smoking status (%) | 64.8/31.8/3.4/0 | 54.9/36.8/7.8/0.5 | 65.3/34.7/0/0 | 52.4/42.9/4.8/0 | 0.391 |
Alcohol consumption (%) | 98.9/0/1.1/0 | 98.4/1.0/0.5/0 | 100/0/0/0 | 95.2/1.6/3.2/0 | 0.453 |
History of CVD, % | 4.5 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 3.2 | 0.683 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126 ± 20 | 133 ± 21 | 132 ± 22 | 138 ± 22 | 0.003 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 ± 12 | 79 ± 11 | 77 ± 11 | 82 ± 12 | 0.007 |
Antihypertensive medication (%) | 4.5 | 16.6 | 14.3 | 31.7 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 79 (62–97) | 91 (68–126) | 76 (63–95) | 97 (63–124) | 0.024 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 66 ± 14 | 65 ± 16 | 66 ± 14 | 64 ± 17 | 0.767 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 124 ± 30 | 131 ± 30 | 119 ± 34 | 126 ± 31 | 0.057 |
Lipid-lowering medication (%) | 3.4 | 6.7 | 4.1 | 9.5 | 0.410 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 91.4 ± 15.5 | 80.1 ± 15.7 | 84.9 ± 15.8 | 79.2 ± 17.5 | < 0.001 |
Serum uric acid (mg/dL) | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline serum uric acid | < 5.3 mg/dL | ≥ 5.3 mg/dL | < 5.3 mg/dL | ≥ 5.3 mg/dL | |
Changes in serum uric acid | < 0.4 mg/dL | < 0.4 mg/dL | ≥ 0.4 mg/dL | ≥ 0.4 mg/dL | |
Baseline characteristics N = 279 | N = 46 | N = 132 | N = 49 | N = 52 | |
Men | |||||
Age (years) | 62 ± 9 | 58 ± 11 | 64 ± 7 | 58 ± 9 | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 2.8 | 23.8 ± 2.7 | 23.0 ± 2.4 | 24.1 ± 2.9 | 0.011 |
Smoking status (%) | 13.0/32.6/34.8/19.6 | 8.3/28.8/37.9/25.0 | 10.2/34.7/32.7/22.4 | 9.6/17.3/34.6/38.5 | 0.488 |
Alcohol consumption (%) | 60.9/15.2/4.3/19.6 | 48.5/25.8/11.4/14.4 | 38.8/26.5/10.2/24.5 | 30.8/30.8/5.8/32.7 | 0.044 |
History of CVD, % | 6.5 | 2.3 | 4.1 | 17.3 | 0.002 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134 ± 21 | 133 ± 19 | 138 ± 21 | 138 ± 19 | 0.298 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84 ± 11 | 83 ± 11 | 83 ± 12 | 87 ± 11 | 0.115 |
Antihypertensive medication (%) | 17.4 | 16.7 | 20.4 | 21.2 | 0.875 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 89 (75–109) | 105 (79–155) | 82 (57–107) | 111 (74–166) | 0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 62 ± 17 | 58 ± 14 | 58 ± 13 | 57 ± 14 | 0.234 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 107 ± 27 | 110 ± 34 | 117 ± 33 | 102 ± 34 | 0.165 |
Lipid-lowering medication (%) | 2.2 | 0.8 | 0 | 7.7 | 0.020 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 87.0 ± 14.4 | 80.2 ± 16.3 | 86.3 ± 19.1 | 83.2 ± 16.5 | 0.042 |
Serum uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 6.7 ± 0.9 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |