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Table 3 The effect of probiotic supplementation on metabolic status in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease

From: The effects of probiotic supplementation on metabolic status in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease

Variables

Placebo group (n = 30)

Probiotic group (n = 30)

Difference in outcome measures between probiotic and placebo treatment groupsa

Baseline

Week 12

Baseline

Week 12

β (95% CI)

P 2

FPG (mg/dL)

128.8 ± 47.2

138.2 ± 33.5

133.8 ± 43.6

120.6 ± 38.7

− 20.02 (− 33.86, 6.17)

0.005

Insulin (μIU/mL)

13.8 ± 8.6

14.7 ± 8.5

14.3 ± 5.6

13.1 ± 5.2

− 2.09 (− 3.77, − 0.41)

0.01

HOMA-IR

4.5 ± 3.6

4.6 ± 3.2

4.8 ± 2.7

4.4 ± 2.4

− 0.50 (− 0.96, − 0.03)

0.03

QUICKI

0.32 ± 0.03

0.31 ± 0.02

0.31 ± 0.02

0.31 ± 0.02

0.008 (0.001, 0.01)

0.02

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

146.2 ± 67.4

152.4 ± 66.9

139.0 ± 61.3

140.2 ± 64.9

− 8.93 (− 30.54, 12.68)

0.41

VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

29.2 ± 13.5

30.5 ± 13.4

27.8 ± 12.3

28.1 ± 13.0

− 1.78 (− 6.10, 2.53)

0.41

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

143.5 ± 30.5

146.3 ± 34.0

149.7 ± 26.6

144.6 ± 27.2

− 6.62 (− 18.86, 5.62)

0.28

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

71.2 ± 26.3

73.0 ± 24.1

74.9 ± 22.0

68.1 ± 21.1

− 6.68 (− 15.53, 2.15)

0.13

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

43.0 ± 7.2

42.8 ± 6.2

46.8 ± 6.7

48.4 ± 7.4

2.52 (0.04, 5.00)

0.04

Total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio

3.4 ± 0.8

3.4 ± 0.7

3.2 ± 0.6

3.0 ± 0.6

− 0.27 (− 0.52, − 0.03)

0.02

hs-CRP (mg/L)

4.8 ± 2.5

4.9 ± 2.6

5.1 ± 2.8

4.3 ± 2.6

− 0.88 (− 1.39, − 0.38)

0.001

NO (µmol/L)

46.6 ± 10.0

44.2 ± 8.3

42.4 ± 6.2

46.5 ± 7.4

4.28 (0.66, 7.91)

0.02

TAC (mmol/L)

895.3 ± 301.9

873.3 ± 276.3

965.5 ± 239.4

1044.4 ± 254.9

108.44 (47.61, 169.27)

0.001

GSH (µmol/L)

506.3 ± 96.5

505.3 ± 107.9

586.2 ± 156.3

629.4 ± 169.5

45.15 (5.82, 84.47)

0.02

MDA (µmol/L)

2.7 ± 0.7

2.6 ± 0.4

3.1 ± 1.3

2.7 ± 1.4

− 0.23 (− 0.53, − 0.07)

0.13

SBP (mmHg)

128.3 ± 14.4

127.0 ± 15.1

125.1 ± 12.8

123.2 ± 13.3

− 1.30 (− 5.96, 3.35)

0.57

DBP (mmHg)

79.3 ± 8.8

78.2 ± 8.5

77.9 ± 6.9

76.2 ± 8.0

− 1.08 (− 3.51, 1.35)

0.37

  1. Data are mean ± SDs
  2. DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, GSH total glutathione, HOMA-IR homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, MDA malondialdehyde, NO nitric oxide, QUICKI quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, SBP systolic blood pressure, TAC total antioxidant capacity
  3. a”Outcome measures” refers to the change in values of measures of interest between baseline and week 12. β [difference in the mean outcomes measures between treatment groups (probiotic group = 1 and placebo group = 0)]
  4. 2Obtained from multiple regression model (adjusted for baseline values of each biochemical variables, age and baseline BMI)
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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