|
Variables
|
Placebo group (n = 30)
|
Probiotic group (n = 30)
|
Difference in outcome measures between probiotic and placebo treatment groupsa
|
|---|
|
Baseline
|
Week 12
|
Baseline
|
Week 12
|
β (95% CI)
|
P
2
|
|---|
|
FPG (mg/dL)
|
128.8 ± 47.2
|
138.2 ± 33.5
|
133.8 ± 43.6
|
120.6 ± 38.7
|
− 20.02 (− 33.86, 6.17)
|
0.005
|
|
Insulin (μIU/mL)
|
13.8 ± 8.6
|
14.7 ± 8.5
|
14.3 ± 5.6
|
13.1 ± 5.2
|
− 2.09 (− 3.77, − 0.41)
|
0.01
|
|
HOMA-IR
|
4.5 ± 3.6
|
4.6 ± 3.2
|
4.8 ± 2.7
|
4.4 ± 2.4
|
− 0.50 (− 0.96, − 0.03)
|
0.03
|
|
QUICKI
|
0.32 ± 0.03
|
0.31 ± 0.02
|
0.31 ± 0.02
|
0.31 ± 0.02
|
0.008 (0.001, 0.01)
|
0.02
|
|
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
|
146.2 ± 67.4
|
152.4 ± 66.9
|
139.0 ± 61.3
|
140.2 ± 64.9
|
− 8.93 (− 30.54, 12.68)
|
0.41
|
|
VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
29.2 ± 13.5
|
30.5 ± 13.4
|
27.8 ± 12.3
|
28.1 ± 13.0
|
− 1.78 (− 6.10, 2.53)
|
0.41
|
|
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
143.5 ± 30.5
|
146.3 ± 34.0
|
149.7 ± 26.6
|
144.6 ± 27.2
|
− 6.62 (− 18.86, 5.62)
|
0.28
|
|
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
71.2 ± 26.3
|
73.0 ± 24.1
|
74.9 ± 22.0
|
68.1 ± 21.1
|
− 6.68 (− 15.53, 2.15)
|
0.13
|
|
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
43.0 ± 7.2
|
42.8 ± 6.2
|
46.8 ± 6.7
|
48.4 ± 7.4
|
2.52 (0.04, 5.00)
|
0.04
|
|
Total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio
|
3.4 ± 0.8
|
3.4 ± 0.7
|
3.2 ± 0.6
|
3.0 ± 0.6
|
− 0.27 (− 0.52, − 0.03)
|
0.02
|
|
hs-CRP (mg/L)
|
4.8 ± 2.5
|
4.9 ± 2.6
|
5.1 ± 2.8
|
4.3 ± 2.6
|
− 0.88 (− 1.39, − 0.38)
|
0.001
|
|
NO (µmol/L)
|
46.6 ± 10.0
|
44.2 ± 8.3
|
42.4 ± 6.2
|
46.5 ± 7.4
|
4.28 (0.66, 7.91)
|
0.02
|
|
TAC (mmol/L)
|
895.3 ± 301.9
|
873.3 ± 276.3
|
965.5 ± 239.4
|
1044.4 ± 254.9
|
108.44 (47.61, 169.27)
|
0.001
|
|
GSH (µmol/L)
|
506.3 ± 96.5
|
505.3 ± 107.9
|
586.2 ± 156.3
|
629.4 ± 169.5
|
45.15 (5.82, 84.47)
|
0.02
|
|
MDA (µmol/L)
|
2.7 ± 0.7
|
2.6 ± 0.4
|
3.1 ± 1.3
|
2.7 ± 1.4
|
− 0.23 (− 0.53, − 0.07)
|
0.13
|
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
128.3 ± 14.4
|
127.0 ± 15.1
|
125.1 ± 12.8
|
123.2 ± 13.3
|
− 1.30 (− 5.96, 3.35)
|
0.57
|
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
79.3 ± 8.8
|
78.2 ± 8.5
|
77.9 ± 6.9
|
76.2 ± 8.0
|
− 1.08 (− 3.51, 1.35)
|
0.37
|
- Data are mean ± SDs
- DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, GSH total glutathione, HOMA-IR homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, MDA malondialdehyde, NO nitric oxide, QUICKI quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, SBP systolic blood pressure, TAC total antioxidant capacity
- a”Outcome measures” refers to the change in values of measures of interest between baseline and week 12. β [difference in the mean outcomes measures between treatment groups (probiotic group = 1 and placebo group = 0)]
- 2Obtained from multiple regression model (adjusted for baseline values of each biochemical variables, age and baseline BMI)
