Table 2 Characteristics of adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome before and after matching
Variables | Before propensity score-matched | After propensity score-matched | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control group (n = 3020) No. (%) | Metabolic syndrome group (n = 735) No. (%) | P-value | Control group (n = 506) No. (%) | Metabolic syndrome group(n = 506) No. (%) | P-value | |
Age (years) | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 12.42 (3.036) | 12.55 (3.04) | 0.29 | 12.59 (3.05) | 12.67 (3.02) | 0.70a |
Age category (years) | ||||||
 7–10 | 920 (30.50) | 201 (27.35) | 0.24 | 141 (27.87) | 128 (25.30) | 0.49 |
 11–14 | 1293 (42.81) | 327 (44.49) | 211 (41.70) | 229 (45.26) | ||
 15–18 | 806 (26.69) | 207 (28.16) | 154 (30.43) | 149 (29.45) | ||
Sex | ||||||
 Boy | 1584 (52.5) | 390 (53.1) | 0.77 | 277 (54.74) | 280 (55.34) | 0.85 |
 Girl | 1435 (47.5) | 345 (46.9) | 229 (45.26) | 226 (44.66) | ||
Living area | ||||||
 Urban | 2167 (71.8) | 565 (76.9) | 0.005 | 380 (75.10) | 387 (76.48) | 0.61 |
 Rural | 853 (28.2) | 170 (23.1) | 126 (24.90) | 119 (23.52) | ||
Father’s occupation | ||||||
 Father died | 65 (2.2) | 20 (2.7) | 0.38 | 11 (2.17) | 12 (2.37) | 0.61 |
 Unemployed | 199 (6.6) | 45 (6.2) | 28 (5.53) | 31 (6.13) | ||
 Workman/labor | 741 (24.7) | 162 (22.2) | 105 (20.75) | 117 (23.12) | ||
 Employed/office work | 623 (20.8) | 155 (21.2) | 130 (25.69) | 106 (20.95) | ||
 Agriculturist | 397 (13.2) | 87 (11.9) | 57 (11.26) | 63 (12.45) | ||
 Self-employed | 975 (32.5) | 261 (35.8) | 175 (34.58) | 177 (34.98) | ||
Mother’s occupation | ||||||
 Mother died | 14 (0.5) | 4 (0.5) | 0.06 | 3 (0.59) | 2 (0.40) | 0.73 |
 Housewife | 2622 (87.1) | 609 (83.2) | 418 (82.61) | 425 (83.99) | ||
 Workman/labor | 44 (1.5) | 8 (1.1) | 5 (0.99) | 4 (0.79) | ||
 Employed/office work | 227 (7.5) | 74 (10.1) | 53 (10.47) | 49 (9.68) | ||
 Agriculturist | 53 (1.8) | 17 (2.3) | 9 (1.78) | 14 (2.77) | ||
 Other | 52 (1.7) | 20 (2.7) | 18 (3.56) | 12 (2.37) | ||
Mother’s education (years) | ||||||
 Mother died | 11 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) | 0.02 | 3 (0.59) | 1 (0.20) | 0.54 |
 < 6 | 1319 (43.7) | 296 (40.5) | 186 (36.76) | 200 (39.53) | ||
 6–9 | 617 (20.4) | 129 (17.6) | 108 (21.34) | 91 (17.98) | ||
 9–12 | 751 (24.9) | 199 (27.2) | 136 (26.88) | 142 (28.06) | ||
 > 12 | 320 (10.6) | 104 (14.2) | 73 (14.43) | 72 (14.23) | ||
Possessing personal computer | ||||||
 No | 1599 (53.1) | 364 (49.8) | 0.11 | 231 (45.65) | 242 (47.83) | 0.49 |
 Yes | 1411 (46.9) | 367 (50.2) | 275 (54.35) | 264 (52.17) | ||
School type | ||||||
 Public | 2736 (91) | 676 (92.2) | 0.30 | 476 (94.07) | 467 (92.29) | 0.26 |
 Private | 270 (9) | 57 (7.8) | 30 (5.93) | 39 (7.71) | ||
Birth weight | ||||||
 < 2500 | 305 (10.2) | 62 (8.6) | 0.008 | 43 (8.50) | 42 (8.30) | 0.79 |
 2500–4000 | 2256 (75.8) | 529 (73) | 367 (72.53) | 366 (72.33) | ||
 > 4000 | 194 (6.5) | 70 (9.7) | 47 (9.29) | 55 (10.87) | ||
Unknown | 222 (7.5) | 64 (8.8) | 49 (9.68) | 43 (8.50) | ||
Family history | ||||||
 HTN | ||||||
  No | 1081 (36.9) | 241 (33.4) | 0.08 | 159 (31.42) | 166 (32.81) | 0.64 |
  Yes | 1848 (63.1) | 480 (66.6) | 347 (68.58) | 340 (67.19) | ||
 Hyperlipidemia | ||||||
  No | 1477 (49.5) | 345 (47.5) | 0.34 | 213 (42.09) | 229 (45.26) | 0.31 |
  Yes | 1507 (50.5) | 381 (52.5) | 293 (57.91) | 277 (54.74) | ||
 Diabetes | ||||||
  No | 1394 (46.5) | 335 (45.9) | 0.77 | 214 (42.29) | 210 (41.50) | 0.80 |
  Yes | 1605 (53.3) | 395 (54.1) | 292 (57.71) | 296 (58.50) | ||
 Obesity | ||||||
  No | 1565 (52.1) | 354 (48.3) | 0.06 | 240 (47.43) | 233 (46.05) | 0.66 |
  Yes | 1438 (47.9) | 379 (51.7) | 266 (52.57) | 273 (53.95) | ||
 Physical activity | ||||||
  Low | 955 (33.8) | 229 (32.9) | 0.11 | 158 (31.23) | 138 (27.27) | 0.09 |
  Medium | 913 (32.3) | 253 (36.4) | 166 (32.81) | 199 (39.33) | ||
  High | 955 (33.8) | 214 (30.7) | 182 (35.97) | 169 (33.40) | ||
 Sleep duration | ||||||
  Mean(SD) | 8.58 (1.22) | 8.49 (1.20) | 0.07 | 8.49 (1.21) | 8.50 (1.20) | 0.90a |
 Parental BMI | ||||||
  Mean (SD) | 26.3 (4.96) | 26.71 (4.86) | 0.03 | 26.92 (4.96) | 26.84 (4.88) | 0.79a |
 Parent perception about students’ body image? | ||||||
  Very thin | 363 (12.09) | 59 (8.10) | < 0.001 | 47 (9.29) | 42 (8.30) | 0.48 |
  Slightly thin | 801 (26.67) | 156 (21.43) | 98 (19.37) | 113 (22.33) | ||
  Normal | 1438 (47.89) | 343 (47.12) | 256 (50.59) | 235 (46.44) | ||
  Slightly obese | 352 (11.72) | 145 (19.92) | 92 (18.18) | 97 (19.17) | ||
  Very obese | 49 (1.63) | 25 (3.43) | 13 (2.57) | 19 (3.75) | ||
 Student satisfaction about weight? | ||||||
  Satisfy | 1645 (54.49) | 381 (51.84) | 0.27 | 246 (48.62) | 241 (47.63) | 0.94 |
  Somewhat satisfied | 891 (29.51) | 239 (32.52) | 176 (34.78) | 181 (35.77) | ||
  Dissatisfied | 483 (16) | 115 (15.65) | 84 (16.60) | 84 (16.60) | ||
 Watching TV | ||||||
  Low | 1436 (47.61) | 321 (43.67) | 0.055 | 224 (44.27) | 221 (43.68) | 0.85 |
  High | 1580 (52.39) | 414 (56.33) | 282 (55.73) | 285 (56.32) | ||
 Working with computer | ||||||
  Low | 2698 (91.55) | 656 (91.36) | 0.87 | 457 (90.32) | 456 (90.12) | 0.92 |
  High | 249 (8.45) | 62 (8.64) | 49 (9.68) | 50 (9.88) | ||