Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients with type 2 diabetes according to urinary ACR and NAPCR cutoff points
Normoalbuminuria | Albuminuria | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NAPCR < 120 mg/g | NAPCR ≥ 120 mg/g | NAPCR < 120 mg/g | NAPCR ≥ 120 mg/g | ||
(n = 146) | (n = 57) | (n = 40) | (n = 82) | ||
Sex, male (%) | 57 (39.0) | 17 (29.8) | 20 (50.0) | 32 (39.0) | 0.256 |
Age, years | 54.7 ± 11.4 | 56.5 ± 9.8 | 59.7 ± 9.1 | 54.3 ± 12.0 | 0.021 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.0 ± 3.6 | 24.0 ± 2.7 | 24.3 ± 2.9 | 24.1 ± 3.9 | 0.246 |
Duration of diabetes, years | 6.8 ± 5.7 | 8.1 ± 6.7 | 9.4 ± 6.1 | 8.5 ± 7.7 | 0.059 |
Hypertension, yes | 52 (35.6) | 29 (50.9) | 22 (55.0) | 35 (42.7) | 0.071 |
SBP, mmHg | 123 ± 14 | 123 ± 14 | 124 ± 15 | 125 ± 14 | 0.682 |
DBP, mmHg | 75 ± 10 | 74 ± 9 | 73 ± 12 | 75 ± 10 | 0.713 |
HbA1c, % | 7.1 ± 1.3 | 7.6 ± 1.6 | 7.3 ± 1.4 | 8.0 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 181 ± 38 | 184 ± 50 | 170 ± 44 | 179 ± 42 | 0.463 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 101 ± 31 | 103 ± 44 | 91 ± 35 | 97 ± 33 | 0.356 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 48 ± 13 | 48 ± 13 | 44 ± 11 | 48 ± 14 | 0.252 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 137 (89–183) | 122 (85–188) | 128 (93–197) | 150 (106–214) | 0.321 |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.86 ± 0.17 | 0.80 ± 0.16 | 0.88 ± 0.25 | 0.97 ± 0.33 | 0.001 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 87.6 ± 16.7 | 89.0 ± 14.9 | 84.0 ± 18.1 | 79.9 ± 23.1 | 0.027 |
ACR, mg/g | 9.6 (6.0–14.8) | 12.3 (6.7–17.2) | 40.7 (37.1–74.7) | 131.5 (51.1–499.0) | <0.001 |
NAPCR, mg/g | 75.1 (57.8–91.9) | 143.0 (131.4–173.6) | 88.0 (65.6–106.0) | 203.8 (151.9–295.2) | <0.001 |
PCR, mg/g | 85.7 (67.0–104.9) | 153.6 (144.2–190.4) | 137.5 (116.5–159.9) | 346.9 (213.3–788.4) | <0.001 |
Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | 18 (19.4) | 10 (25.0) | 14 (51.9) | 34 (55.7) | <0.001 |
Lipid-lowering agent, n (%) | 86 (58.9) | 27 (47.4) | 23 (57.5) | 49 (59.8) | 0.452 |
RAS inhibitor, n (%) | 56 (38.4) | 25 (43.9) | 25 (62.5) | 59 (72.0) | <0.001 |