LEADER 7: cardiovascular risk profiles of US and European participants in the LEADER diabetes trial differ

Table 4 Determinants for being at LDL target at baseline (Europe <100 mg/dL, USA <100 mg/dL for no prior CVD and <70 mg/dL for prior CVD group)

	No prior CVD group (n = 1013)			Prior CVD group (n = 4996)
	Odds ratio	95 % CI	P value	Odds ratio	95 % CI	P value
Region (Europe as reference group)	1.616	1.116; 2.355	0.011	0.248	0.212; 0.290	<0.001
Age (per year)	1.038	1.006; 1.072	0.020	1.012	1.001; 1.023	0.032
Sex (male as reference group)	0.542	0.311; 1.009	0.053	0.535	0.444; 0.644	<0.001
Diabetes duration (per year)	1.011	0.989; 1.035	0.330	1.004	0.995; 1.013	0.358
Race (white as reference group)
Asian	0.632	0.136; 3.479		1.226	0.664; 2.275
Black	0.710	0.371; 1.339	0.633	0.773	0.581; 1.023	0.226
Other	1.53	0.313; 8.783		0.759	0.389; 1.451
BMI (18–25, reference group) (kg/m²)
25–30	0.571	0.239; 1.298		1.029	0.735; 1.438
30–35	0.836	0.353; 1.884	0.224	1.083	0.778; 1.503	0.472
35–40	0.879	0.361;2.049		1.105	0.782; 1.560
>40	0.935	0.375; 2.246		1.287	0.891; 1.856
Statin use (no as reference)	4.669	3.352; 6.550	<0.001	4.276	3.526; 5.202	<0.001
Aspirin use (no as reference)	1.055	0.750; 1.482	0.759	1.369	1.174; 1.597	<0.001
Creatinine, per umol/L	1.007	0.982; 1.038	0.607	0.995	0.991; 1.000	0.034
ACR, per mg/mmol	0.999	0.995; 1.003	0.485	0.999	0.997; 1.000	0.017
eGFR per mL/min/1.73 m²	1.006	0.993; 1.025	0.360	0.994	0.988; 1.000	0.036

Logistic multivariable regression modelling the probability of being at LDL target, adjusted for: age, sex, diabetes duration, race, BMI category, statin use, aspirin use, and renal function (creatinine, ACR, eGFR)
ACR albumin:creatinine ratio, BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, CVD cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LDL low-density lipoprotein
Overall P values relating to the significance of that factor. Stratified by prior CVD status