Table 1 Characteristics of the study groups (x ± SD)

No. pts.

20

20

19

19

Sex, M/F

10/10

10/10

10/9

9/10

Age, years

55.5 ± 8.1

55.4 ± 7.8

56.4 ± 8.0

56.0 ± 8.0

BMI, kg/m²

26.6 ± 2.9

27.0 ± 5.1

25.9 ± 3.3

26.3 ± 2.9

WHR, m/m

0.88 ± 0.08

0.89 ± 0.08

0.88 ± 0.09

0.87 ± 0.08

T2D, years

−

6.5 ± 3.1

−

6.7 ± 3.1

FPG, mmol/l

5.3 ± 0.7

7.2 ± 0.8*

5.5 ± 0.8

7.5 ± 0.9*

HbA1c,  %

5.4 ± 0.8

7.2 ± 0.7*

5.5 ± 0.7

7.3 ± 0.9*

Insulin, mU/l

7.8 ± 3.5

14.2 ± 1.6*

8.2 ± 4.6

21.7 ± 8.1*

HOMA-IR^a

1.89 ± 1.05

4.46 ± 1.8*

1.99 ± 1.2

6.96 ± 2.8*