Table 2 Test with a standardized 500 calories mixed breakfast for 5 h: metabolic profile
Areas under the curve | Baseline | Nateglinide | p | Baseline | Rosiglitazone | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
After 4 months | After 4 months | |||||||||
Median | (25th–75th) | Median | (25th–75th) | Median | (25th–75th) | Median | (25th–75th) | |||
Glucose (mg/dL × min) | ||||||||||
Total | 52,455 | (4668–60,140) | 40,245 | (35,468–48,125) | 0.001 | 47,340 | (41,770–57,240) | 43,670 | 37,820–51,550 | 0.005 |
Incremental | 11,955 | (9251–15,523) | 9241 | (8004–12,805) | 0.005 | 12,620 | (8216–16,070) | 11,070 | (7595–12,330) | 0.035 |
Insulin (U/mL × min) | ||||||||||
Total | 6454 | (5561–9922) | 9220 | (5807–16,340) | 0.008 | 6992 | (5023–8584) | 6120 | 4213–7590 | 0.099 |
Incremental | 4107 | (3277–6917) | 6442 | (4255–12,038) | 0.006 | 4051 | (2566–5324) | 3208 | 2658–4756 | 0.049 |
Proinsulin (pM × min) | ||||||||||
Total | 15,460 | (9841–27,613) | 16,020 | (10,705–30,395) | 0.135 | 12,470 | (10,230–24,500) | 11,730 | 7823–18,830 | 0.033 |
Incremental | 8100 | (5601–12,305) | 9915 | (6203–18,713) | 0.03 | 6668 | (5505–9680) | 6263 | 4706–9455 | 0.107 |
Glucagon (pg/mL × min) | ||||||||||
Total | 23,535 | (21,070–27,958) | 22,160 | (19,023–27,795) | 0.455 | 21,460 | (16,470–27,140) | 24,060 | 19,500–25,740 | 0.520 |
Incremental | 3565 | (2739–5480) | 3094 | (2119–5031) | 0.351 | 3647 | (2039–4770) | 3268 | 2344–4302 | 0.748 |
GLP1 (pM × min) | ||||||||||
Total | 46,995 | (36,463–53,685) | 48,660 | (36,773–56,098) | 0.179 | 42,890 | (32,640–56,060) | 42,390 | 37,710–47,390 | 0.872 |
Incremental | 4140 | (3125–5464) | 4454 | (2680–6693) | 1.000 | 3840 | (2065–6469) | 4171 | 2491–5602 | 0.687 |
Triglicerides (mg/dL × min) | ||||||||||
Total | 43,500 | (30,578–64,283) | 46,375 | (35,430–61,880) | 0.737 | 42,060 | (32,320–54,510) | 40,350 | 30,480–59,240 | 0.717 |
Incremental | 9353 | (5474–15,643) | 11,120 | (9132–16,548) | 0.218 | 10,080 | (6660–13,170) | 9106 | 3945–10,580 | 0.044 |
Free fat acids (mEq/L ×min) | ||||||||||
Total | 85.4 | (75.6–113.6) | 98.0 | (81.5–119.1) | 0.263 | 105.9 | (79.1–113.3) | 70.5 | 52.7–80.0 | 0.007 |
Glucose/insulin ratio | ||||||||||
Total | 6.55 | (5.27–10.01) | 4.37 | (2.86–6.62) | 0.001 | 7.32 | (5.93–10.61) | 6.87 | 5.62–10.39 | 0.629 |
Incremental | 2.57 | (1.72–3.98) | 1.69 | (0.77–2.31) | 0.001 | 2.70 | (2.26–5.07) | 2.78 | 1.48–4.45 | 0.398 |
Proinsulin/insulin ratio | ||||||||||
Total | 2.47 | (1.37–3.11) | 1.65 | (1.37–2.17) | 0.028 | 2.2 | (1.64–3.2) | 2.06 | 1.36–2.44 | 0.107 |
Incremental | 1.93 | (1.21–2.43) | 1.51 | (1.20–1.82) | 0.044 | 1.84 | (1.44–2.40) | 1.62 | 1.37–2.42 | 0.469 |
Insulinogenic index | ||||||||||
48.6 | (29.1–80.6) | 205.7 | (80.0–541.1) | 0.002 | 41.8 | (26.3–101.9) | 65.1 | 47.8–91.7 | 0.355 | |