Homocysteine levels in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus

Table 4 Homocysteine and lipids’ levels in subgroups categorized according to BMI in pGDM group

Parameter	BMI < 25 (mean ± SD, n = 114, NW)	BMI 25–29.9 (mean ± SD, n = 48, OW)	BMI ≥ 30 (mean ± SD, n = 37, OB)
Age (years)	37.4 ± 6.2	38.9 ± 7.6	40.6 ± 5.9**
BMI (kg/m²)	21.6 ± 1.9	27.6 ± 1.2**	34.9 ± 3.9**,⁺⁺
HOMA-IR	1.42 ± 0.73	1.70 ± 1.0**	2.60 ± 1.38**,⁺⁺
HbA1c (%)	5.53 ± 0.35	5.68 ± 0.35*	5.94 ± 0.57**,⁺
Homocysteine (µmol/L)	7.66 ± 2.55	7.23 ± 2.08	8.12 ± 3.58
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.96 ± 1.08	4.96 ± 1.02	5.17 ± 0.87
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.97 ± 0.45	1.63 ± 0.41**	1.51 ± 0.45^**
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.57 ± 0.97	2.76 ± 0.94	3.01 ± 0.76^**
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.93 ± 0.44	1.24 ± 0.97**	1.42 ± 0.73**
Creatinine (mmol/L)	57.46 ± 8.84	56.58 ± 8.84	61.0 ± 10.61
Creatinine clearance (mL/min)	109.8 ± 22.3	139.8 ± 28.2**	161.2 ± 30.1**,⁺⁺

BMI body mass index, C control group, DM diabetes mellitus, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HOMA IR homoeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, IFG impaired fasting glucose, IGT impaired glucose tolerance, NGT normal glucose tolerance, NW normal body mass, OB obesity, OW overweight, pGDM women with previous gestational diabetes
* p < 0.05 vs NW, ** p < 0.01 vs NW
⁺p < 0.05 vs OW, ⁺⁺ p < 0.01 vs OW

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