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Table 3 Homocysteine and lipids’ levels in subgroups categorized according to the current OGTT results in pGDM group

From: Homocysteine levels in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus

Parameter

NGT-pGDM (mean ± SD, n = 113)

IFG-pGDM (mean ± SD, n = 40)

IGT-pGDM (mean ± SD, n = 33)

DM-pGDM (mean ± SD, n = 13)

Age (years)

37.4 ± 6.5

39.9 ± 6.2*

39.9 ± 6.4*

38.7 ± 8.3

BMI (kg/m2)

23.9 ± 4.3

26.6 ± 6.2*,^

28.1 ± 6.4**,^^

29.6 ± 6.8**,^^

HOMA-IR

1.51 ± 0.88

1.70 ± 0.86*,^

2.24 ± 1.31**,^^

2.62 ± 1.38**,^^

HbA1c (%)

5.53 ± 0.34

5.70 ± 0.39*,^

5.76 ± 0.38**,^^

6.19 ± 0.76**,^^

Homocysteine (µmol/L)

7.73 ± 2.53

7.84 ± 3.02

7.24 ± 2.92

7.09 ± 1.88

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.98 ± 1.08

5.03 ± 0.99

5.14 ± 1.03

5.16 ± 0.99

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.93 ± 0.47

1.79 ± 0.46

1.59 ± 0.49**,^^

1.43 ± 0.28**,++,^^,#

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.64 ± 1.0

2.74 ± 0.93

2.80 ± 0.78

3.03 ± 0.80

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.89 ± 0.39

0.92 ± 0.40

1.61 ± 1.14**,+,^^,##

1.51 ± 0.74**,+,^^

Creatinine (mmol/L)

57.46 ± 9.72

58.34 ± 9.72

58.34 ± 7.96

57.46 ± 7.07

Creatinine clearance (mL/min)

120.8 ± 28.7

127.7 ± 32.9

134.9 ± 32.5*,^^

150.4 ± 43.7*,^

  1. BMI body mass index, C control group, DM diabetes mellitus, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR homoeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, IFG impaired fasting glucose, IGT impaired glucose tolerance, NGT normal glucose tolerance, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, pGDM women with previous gestational diabetes
  2. *p < 0.05 vs NGT, ** p < 0.01 vs NGT
  3. +p < 0.05 vs IFG, ++ p < 0.01 vs IFG
  4. ^p < 0.05 vs NGT (adjusted for age), ^^ p < 0.01 vs NGT (adjusted for age)
  5. #p < 0.05 vs IFG (adjusted for age), ## p < 0.01 vs IFG (adjusted for age)