Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants
Variables | Vildagliptin (n = 166) | Sitagliptin (n = 165) | Linagliptin (n = 164) | For χ2 values | P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male, n (%) | 92 (55.4) | 104 (63.0) | 104 (63.4) | 2.817 | 0.245 |
Age (years) | 56.20 ± 10.37 | 56.04 ± 13.80 | 54.66 ± 10.85 | 0.851 | 0.428 |
BMI (kg/cm2) | 26.49 ± 6.44 | 26.51 ± 4.29 | 26.82 ± 4.80 | 0.198 | 0.821 |
Disease duration (years) | 7.78 ± 0.58 | 8.50 ± 0.62 | 7.51 ± 0.53 | 0.779 | 0.459 |
SBP (mmHg) | 131.63 ± 16.41 | 130.92 ± 15.32 | 131.53 ± 18.71 | 0.085 | 0.918 |
DBP (mmHg) | 79.85 ± 8.92 | 80.33 ± 7.93 | 81.38 ± 11.02 | 1.122 | 0.326 |
ALT (IU/L) | 23.98 ± 13.83 | 23.87 ± 14.56 | 27.34 ± 16.70 | 2.397 | 0.092 |
AST (IU/L) | 20.51 ± 9.36 | 22.75 ± 10.64 | 22.01 ± 10.98 | 1.898 | 0.151 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 5.93 ± 1.79 | 6.32 ± 2.58 | 5.49 ± 1.35 | 5.639 | 0.004 |
Cr (umol/L) | 66.08 ± 45.22 | 69.09 ± 23.88 | 64.08 ± 13.88 | 0.880 | 0.416 |
TG (mmol/L) | 2.14 ± 2.01 | 2.29 ± 1.82 | 2.26 ± 1.72 | 0.286 | 0.751 |
TC (mmol/L) | 5.16 ± 1.24 | 5.30 ± 1.36 | 5.09 ± 1.04 | 1.017 | 0.363 |
HbA1c (%) | 9.59 ± 1.84 | 9.22 ± 1.60 | 9.58 ± 1.80 | 2.345 | 0.097 |
Insulin dose (U) | 33.15 ± 1.00 | 36.02 ± 1.06 | 33.43 ± 1.23 | 2.121 | 0.121 |
Insulin therapy, n (%) | |||||
 Premixed human insulin | 65 (39.15) | 81 (49.00) | 64 (39.02) | 7.270 | 0.122 |
 Premixed insulin analogs | 42 (25.30) | 44 (26.67) | 41 (25.00) |  |  |
 Basal insulin | 59 (35.54) | 40 (25.32) | 59 (35.98) |  |  |
Background OHA, n (%) | |||||
 Metformin | 80 (48.2) | 93 (56.4) | 90 (54.9) | 2.519 | 0.284 |
 Acarbose | 86 (51.8) | 72 (43.6) | 74 (45.1) |  |  |