Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|
Patients aged ≥35 years | Use of NPH or regular insulin, pioglitazone, GLP-1 receptor agonist, DPP-4 inhibitor or acarbose |
History of DM and mild hypertension (blood pressure <160/100 mmHg) no longer than 15 years | Intolerance to metformin |
Body mass index <35 kg/m2 | Use of three or more anti-hypertensive drugs, which characterizes resistant hypertension |
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between 7.0 and 10.5 % | Smoking within the previous 6 months |
Pregnancy or breastfeeding | |
Creatinine clearance <45 mL/min (MDRD) | |
Serum alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase level of more than three times the upper limit of the normal range | |
Subjects with ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, other atherosclerotic disease, cancer, or heart failure in functional classes II, III and IV | |
Treadmill stress test with typical chest pain or with ST segment depression ≥1 mm, or with a horizontal or descending trace on the electrocardiogram for a duration of 0.08 s after the J point | |
Presence of coronary heart disease diagnosed by treadmill stress test, myocardial scintigraphy or coronary angiography | |
Inability to give informed consent |