Effects of 1-year yoga on cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and older adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial

Table 1 Summary of the frequency and distribution of diagnostic components for MetS in the 3,967 community-based participants screened

	Participants screened (n = 3,967)
Age	55.3 ± 10.7 (range 18 to 94) years
Gender	957 male & 3,010 female
No. of subjects had 0 MetS component	891 (22.5%)	MetS-negative
No. of subjects had 1 MetS component	1,084 (27.3%)
No. of subjects had 2 MetS components	911 (23.0%)
No. of subjects had 3 MetS components	627 (15.8%)	MetS-positive
No. of subjects had 4 MetS components	355 (8.9%)
No. of subjects had 5 MetS components	99 (2.5%)
No. of subjects had central obesity	1,884 (47.5%)
No. of subjects had high systolic blood pressure	1,974 (49.8%)
No. of subjects had high diastolic blood pressure	883 (22.3%)
No. of subjects had elevated plasma glucose	885 (22.3%)
No. of subjects had elevated plasma triglyceride	934 (23.5%)
No. of subjects had reduced HDL-cholesterol	947 (23.9%)

According to the diagnostic guideline of NCEP ATP III criteria, an individual is diagnosed with MetS when acquiring three or more of following conditions: 1) central obesity (waist circumference exceeds 90 cm or 80 cm for Asian male and female, respectively), 2) hypertension (systolic pressure equals to or is greater than 130 mmHg or diastolic pressure equals to or is greater than 85 mmHg), 3) elevated blood glucose (fasting plasma glucose level equals to or is higher than 100 mg/dL), 4) elevated blood triglyceride (blood triglyceride level equals to or exceeds 150 mg/dL), and 5) low level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C; level equals or is less than 40 mg/dL for male and 50 mg/dL for female). Notably, the numbers of subjects had central obesity, high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, elevated triglyceride, and reduced HDL-cholesterol do not add up to the total number of participants screened (i.e., 3,967) and 100% because subjects had multiple MetS components.

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