|
Variable
|
Normoweight (51)
|
Overweight (53)
|
Obese (145)
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
Age, years
|
46.6. ± 8.3
|
47.9 ± 6.9
|
48.7 ± 9.2
|
0.323
|
|
Ethnics [White], %
|
78.4 (40)
|
69.8 (37)
|
71.0(103)
|
0.539
|
|
Woman, %
|
92.2 (47)
|
79.2 (42)
|
75.2 (109)
|
0.035
|
|
Menopause,%
|
10.6 (5)
|
26.2 (11)
|
33.9 (37)
|
0.011
|
|
Hypertension, %
|
13.7 (7)
|
28.3 (15)
|
45.5 (66)
|
<0.001
|
|
Type 2 diabetes, %
|
33.3 (17)
|
41.5 (22)
|
55.7 (99)
|
<0.001
|
|
Family history of CAD
|
11.7 (6)
|
20.8 (11)
|
17.9 (26)
|
0.455
|
|
Tobacco smoking,%
|
17.6 (9)
|
23.2 (10)
|
13.1 (19)
|
0.527
|
|
Alcohol consumption, %
|
2.0 (1)
|
3.8 (2)
|
3.4 (5)
|
0.845
|
|
Physical exercise practice,%
|
50.9 (26)
|
50.9 (27)
|
29.6 (43)
|
0.003
|
|
Body mass index, kg/m2
|
22.6 ± 1.7a
|
27.4 ± 1.4b
|
35.1 ± 4.2c
|
<0.001
|
|
Waist circumference, cm
|
73.9 ± 8.7a
|
86.8 ± 9.4b
|
104.1 ± 11.0c
|
<0.001
|
|
Waist- hip ratio
|
0.78 ± 0.07a
|
0.84 ± 0.08b
|
0.90 ± 0.10 c
|
<0.001
|
|
Body fat, %
|
30.9 ± 4.7a
|
33.9 ± 6.4b
|
38.5 ± 5.0c
|
<0.001
|
|
BMR, kcal
|
1272 ± 240a
|
1501 ± 295b
|
1742 ± 280c
|
<0.001
|
|
Leptin, ng/mL
|
13.6 ± 8.1a
|
15.7 ± 12.0a,b
|
22.9 ± 19.2b
|
0.012
|
|
sLEPR, ng/mL
|
23.8 ± 12.4a
|
19.1 ± 13.5a,b
|
20.0 ± 24.0b
|
0.011
|
|
Adiponectin, μg/mL
|
24.6 ± 23.2
|
17.7 ± 23.0
|
27.2 ± 26.4
|
0.070
|
|
Glucose, mg/dL
|
92 ± 9a
|
102 ± 26a,b
|
106 ± 29b
|
<0.001
|
|
HbA1c, %
|
5.5 ± 0.4a
|
6.0 ± 1.3a,b
|
6.0 ± 1.4b
|
0.005
|
|
Insulin, mU/L
|
6.6 ± 4.3a
|
9.7 ± 6.1b
|
21.3 ± 12.2b
|
<0.001
|
|
HOMA-β
|
23.0 ± 18.2a
|
33.3 ± 24.5b
|
68.7 ± 37.2b
|
<0.001
|
|
HOMA-IR
|
1.5 ± 1.0a
|
2.4 ± 1.5b
|
5.9 ± 4.8b
|
<0.001
|
|
Total cholesterol, mg/dL
|
194 ± 36
|
203 ± 37
|
209 ± 40
|
0.077
|
|
HDL ccholesterol, mg/dL
|
65 ± 19a
|
55 ± 17b
|
51 ± 12b
|
<0.001
|
|
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL
|
113 ± 32a
|
125 ± 32a,b
|
128 ± 32b
|
0.016
|
|
VLDL cholesterol, mg/dL
|
16 ± 8a
|
23 ± 10b
|
30 ± 18c
|
<0.001
|
|
Triglycerids, mg/dL
|
79 ± 38a
|
114 ± 53b
|
150 ± 88c
|
<0.001
|
|
Apolipoprotein AI, mg/dL
|
160 ± 40a
|
152 ± 36a,b
|
146 ± 31b
|
0.009
|
|
Apolipoprotein B, mg/dL
|
89 ± 28a
|
109 ± 38b
|
101 ± 28b
|
0.004
|
|
Fibrinogen, mg/dL
|
341 (304–374)a
|
350 (319–409)a,b
|
374 (328–446)b
|
<0.001
|
|
PAI-1, ng/mL
|
62.5 (44.7-76.1)a
|
63.6 (51.0-95.4)a
|
96.1(60.0-150.6)b
|
<0.001
|
|
IL-6, pg/mL
|
0.08 (0.07-0.09)a
|
0.09 (0.08-0.55)a,b
|
0.56 (0.28-1.6)c
|
<0.001
|
|
IL-1β, pg/dL
|
5.0 (4.0-5.6)a
|
5.9 (4.0-6.1)a,b
|
18.0 (15.0-51.5)c
|
<0.001
|
|
hsCRP, mg/L
|
0.14 (0.05-0.58)a
|
0.49 (0.08-1.17)a,b
|
1.72 (0.26-5.69)c
|
<0.001
|
|
TNFα, pg/mL
|
0.56 (0.09-1.25)a
|
0.71 (0.32-2.85)a,b
|
3.17 (1.45-6.05)c
|
<0.001
|
|
Minor Allele Frequency, %
| | | | |
|
ADIPOQ 45 T > G (rs2241766)
|
19.6
|
22.6
|
21.7
|
0.858
|
|
IL6 -174G > C (rs1800795)
|
26.4
|
37.7
|
31.0
|
0.209
|
- Number of individuals is in parenthesis. Results are shown as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) and compared by Anova (Multiple comparisons by Holm-Sidak method) or Kruskal Wallis (Dunn’s Method). Different letters indicate differences between mean values. Categorical variables were compared by chi-square. BMR: basal metabolic rate; CAD: coronary artery disease; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP: high sensitive C reactive protein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; IL-6: interleukin 6; IL-1β: interleukin 1beta; sLEPR: soluble leptin receptor; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha; VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein.
