Table 1 Anthropometric and obstetric variables of pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

Age (years)

29.5 ± 6.5

25.6 ± 4.7

<0.001^a

Gestational age at study

33.2 (3.7)

32.9 (3.8)

0.550^b

Height (cm)

160.6 (7.6)

157.9 (7.2)

0.312^b

Weight before pregnancy (kg)

68.0 ± 15.7

63.5 ± 9.6

0.072^a

Weight at test (kg)

77.8 ± 15.0

73.9 ± 9.7

0.114^a

Weight gain (kg)

9.8 ± 5.2

10.0 ± 4.4

0.772^a

BMI before pregnancy (kg/m²)

26.2 ± 4.9

24.2 ± 3.3

0.014^a

BMI at test (kg/m²)

30.0 ± 4.6

28.2 ± 3.2

0.017^a

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

95.8 ± 18.9

81.1 ± 6.2

<0.001^a

Plasma glucose after 1 h OGGT (mg/dl)

166.4 ± 30.3

125.2 ± 18.5

<0.001^a

Plasma glucose after 2 h OGTT (mg/dl)

156.1 ± 33.2

109.5 ± 17.4

<0.001^a

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

104.4 (10.3)

106.8 (7.2)

0.186^b

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

67.0 (9.2)

67.9 (6.8)

0.616^b