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Timing and type of alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome: ELSA-Brasil
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome volume 7, Article number: A123 (2015)
Background
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is rising worldwide. Its association with alcohol intake is controversial, and data is sparse concerning the influence of drinking during, as opposed to outside of meals.
Objective
We aimed to investigate the associations of different aspects (quantity, predominant beverage and moment of consumption) of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome and its components.
Materials and methods
In cross-sectional analyses of 14570 individuals who participated in the ELSA-Brasil baseline, we fitted logistic regression models to investigate interactions between the quantity of alcohol, predominant beverage type (wine, beer or other), and principal moment of consumption with respect to meals in the association of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome.
Results
In analyses adjusted for sex, age, skin color/race, smoking, body mass index, educational level, per capita income and socioeconomic class, light consumption (up to 4 doses/week), predominantly of wine and with meals was inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome (OR=0.69, 95%CI 0.57 – 0.84), elevated fasting glucose (OR=0.83, CI95% 0.70 – 0.99), elevated waist circumference (OR=0.65, CI95% 0.51-0.84) and reduced HDL-cholesterol (OR=0.63 95%CI 0.50 – 0.79), compared to abstention/occasional drinking. Drinking predominantly wine, regardless of the moment of consumption, was never significantly associated with higher odds of any component of the syndrome. On the other hand, greater consumption of alcohol (>7 doses/week), predominantly as beer, when mainly consumed outside of meals was significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome (7 to 14 doses/week: OR=1.43, 95%CI 1.18 – 1.73; more than 14 doses/week: OR=1.70, 95%CI 1.35 – 2.15) and with syndrome components, except for low HDL-cholesterol.
Conclusion
The association of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome and many of its individual components differed markedly by predominant beverage and the consumption's relationship to meals. Protective associations were generally seen when consumption was with meals and in smaller quantities, and when it was wine; risk associations were generally seen with greater quantities and consumption outside of meals.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Vieira, B.A., Luft, V.C., Chambless, L.E. et al. Timing and type of alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome: ELSA-Brasil. Diabetol Metab Syndr 7 (Suppl 1), A123 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-7-S1-A123
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-7-S1-A123